Mennill Daniel J, Burt John M, Fristrup Kurt M, Vehrencamp Sandra L
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2006 May;119(5 Pt 1):2832-9. doi: 10.1121/1.2184988.
A field test was conducted on the accuracy of an eight-microphone acoustic location system designed to triangulate the position of duetting rufous-and-white wrens (Thryothorus rufalbus) in Costa Rica's humid evergreen forest. Eight microphones were set up in the breeding territories of 20 pairs of wrens, with an average intermicrophone distance of 75.2+/-2.6 m. The array of microphones was used to record antiphonal duets broadcast through stereo loudspeakers. The positions of the loudspeakers were then estimated by evaluating the delay with which the eight microphones recorded the broadcast sounds. Position estimates were compared to coordinates surveyed with a global-positioning system (GPS). The acoustic location system estimated the position of loudspeakers with an error of 2.82+/-0.26 m and calculated the distance between the "male" and "female" loudspeakers with an error of 2.12+/-0.42 m. Given the large range of distances between duetting birds, this relatively low level of error demonstrates that the acoustic location system is a useful tool for studying avian duets. Location error was influenced partly by the difficulties inherent in collecting high accuracy GPS coordinates of microphone positions underneath a lush tropical canopy and partly by the complicating influence of irregular topography and thick vegetation on sound transmission.
在哥斯达黎加潮湿常绿森林中，对一个八麦克风声学定位系统的准确性进行了实地测试，该系统旨在通过三角测量法确定棕腹白眉鷦鹩（Thryothorus rufalbus）二重唱的位置。在20对白眉鷦鹩的繁殖领地内设置了8个麦克风，麦克风之间的平均距离为75.2±2.6米。该麦克风阵列用于记录通过立体声音响播放的对唱。然后，通过评估8个麦克风记录广播声音的延迟来估计音响的位置。将位置估计值与使用全球定位系统（GPS）测量的坐标进行比较。该声学定位系统估计音响位置的误差为2.82±0.26米，计算“雄”“雌”音响之间距离的误差为2.12±0.42米。鉴于二重唱鸟类之间的距离范围很大，这种相对较低的误差水平表明该声学定位系统是研究鸟类二重唱的有用工具。定位误差部分受到在茂密热带树冠下收集麦克风位置高精度GPS坐标所固有的困难影响，部分受到不规则地形和茂密植被对声音传播的复杂影响。
