Brader Günter, Mikkelsen Michael Dalgaard, Halkier Barbara Ann, Tapio Palva E
Division of Genetics, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Plant J. 2006 Jun;46(5):758-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02743.x.
Plant diseases are major contributing factors for crop loss in agriculture. Here, we show that Arabidopsis plants with high levels of novel glucosinolates (GSs) as a result of the introduction of single CYP79 genes exhibit altered disease resistance. Arabidopsis expressing CYP79D2 from cassava accumulated aliphatic isopropyl and methylpropyl GS, and showed enhanced resistance against the bacterial soft-rot pathogen Erwinia carotovora, whereas Arabidopsis expressing the sorghum CYP79A1 or over-expressing the endogenous CYP79A2 accumulated p-hydroxybenzyl or benzyl GS, respectively, and showed increased resistance towards the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. In addition to the direct toxic effects of GS breakdown products, increased accumulation of aromatic GSs was shown to stimulate salicylic acid-mediated defenses while suppressing jasmonate-dependent defenses, as manifested in enhanced susceptibility to the fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Arabidopsis with modified GS profiles provide important tools for evaluating the biological effects of individual GSs and thereby show potential as biotechnological tools for the generation of plants with tailor-made disease resistance.
植物病害是导致农业作物损失的主要因素。在此，我们表明，由于单个CYP79基因的导入而具有高水平新型硫代葡萄糖苷（GSs）的拟南芥植株表现出抗病性的改变。表达来自木薯的CYP79D2的拟南芥积累了脂肪族异丙基和甲基丙基GS，并对细菌性软腐病原菌胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌表现出增强的抗性，而表达高粱CYP79A1或过表达内源性CYP79A2的拟南芥分别积累了对羟基苄基或苄基GS，并对细菌性病原菌丁香假单胞菌表现出增强的抗性。除了GS分解产物的直接毒性作用外，芳香族GS积累的增加被证明会刺激水杨酸介导的防御，同时抑制茉莉酸依赖性防御，这在对真菌链格孢的易感性增强中表现出来。具有改变的GS谱的拟南芥为评估单个GS的生物学效应提供了重要工具，从而显示出作为生物技术工具用于培育具有定制抗病性的植物的潜力。
