Kao Chih-Mei, Dritschel Barbara H, Astell Arlene
Psychology Department, St Andrews University, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 2006 Jun;45(Pt 2):267-72. doi: 10.1348/014466505X67501.
We examined the effects of rumination and distraction on over-general autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval during social problem solving (SPS), as well as SPS performance in terms of means and effectiveness.
After undergoing a rumination or distraction manipulation, dysphoric and non-dysphoric participants performed a SPS task and reported the memories retrieved during SPS.
The dysphoric ruminators performed significantly less effectively on the SPS task than the other groups. However, the dysphoric ruminators did not differ from the dysphoric distracters on the numbers of categoric memories retrieved during SPS although they retrieved significantly more categoric memories than the non-dysphoric distracters and non-dysphoric ruminators. For all groups, the effectiveness score was significantly negatively correlated with categoric memories retrieved during SPS.
The results demonstrated that in a dysphoric sample, rumination impaired SPS performance but did not influence categoric AM retrieval during SPS. The results suggested that in a dysphoric sample, rumination might affect SPS performance by affecting processes like initiation and motivation rather than AM retrieval during SPS.
我们研究了沉思和分心对社交问题解决（SPS）过程中过度概括性自传体记忆（AM）提取的影响，以及SPS在方法和有效性方面的表现。
在经历沉思或分心操作后，烦躁和非烦躁的参与者执行一项SPS任务，并报告在SPS过程中提取的记忆。
烦躁的沉思者在SPS任务上的表现明显不如其他组。然而，烦躁的沉思者在SPS过程中提取的分类记忆数量与烦躁的分心者没有差异，尽管他们提取的分类记忆明显多于非烦躁的分心者和非烦躁的沉思者。对于所有组，有效性得分与SPS过程中提取的分类记忆显著负相关。
结果表明，在烦躁样本中，沉思会损害SPS表现，但不会影响SPS过程中的分类AM提取。结果表明，在烦躁样本中，沉思可能通过影响启动和动机等过程而不是SPS过程中的AM提取来影响SPS表现。
