Goddard L, Dritschel B, Burton A
Psychology Department, University of East London, London, England.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1996 Nov;105(4):609-16. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.105.4.609.
Depressed patients frequently exhibit deficiencies in social problem solving (SPS). A possible cause of this deficit is an impairment in patients' ability to retrieve specific autobiographical memories. A clinically depressed group and a hospital control group performed the Means-End Problem-Solving (MEPS; J. J. Platt & G. Spivack, 1975a) task, during which they were required to attend to the memories retrieved during solution generation. Memories were categorized according to whether they were specific, categoric, or extended and whether the valence of the memories was positive or negative. Results support the general hypothesis that SPS skill is a function of autobiographical memory retrieval as measured by a cuing task and by the types of memories retrieved during the MEPS. However, the dysfunctional nature of categoric memories in SPS, rather than the importance of specific memories, was highlighted in the depressed group. Valence proved to be an unimportant variable in SPS ability. The cyclical links among autobiographical memory retrieval, SPS skills, and depression are discussed.
抑郁症患者常常在社会问题解决（SPS）方面表现出缺陷。这种缺陷的一个可能原因是患者提取特定自传体记忆的能力受损。一个临床抑郁症组和一个医院对照组进行了手段-目的问题解决（MEPS；J. J. 普拉特和G. 斯皮瓦克，1975a）任务，在此期间，他们被要求关注在生成解决方案过程中提取的记忆。记忆根据其是否具体、分类或扩展以及记忆的效价是积极还是消极进行分类。结果支持了一般假设，即SPS技能是自传体记忆提取的函数，这通过一个线索任务以及在MEPS期间提取的记忆类型来衡量。然而，在抑郁症组中，分类记忆在SPS中的功能失调性质而非具体记忆的重要性得到了凸显。效价被证明在SPS能力中是一个不重要的变量。文中讨论了自传体记忆提取、SPS技能和抑郁症之间的循环联系。
