Martin R L
University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita.
Am Fam Physician. 1991 Mar;43(3):921-33.
As effective antipsychotic pharmacotherapy has become available, patients with schizophrenia are increasingly managed in an outpatient setting by primary care physicians. Pharmacotherapy is generally effective in treating "positive," or psychotic, symptoms and lessening the risks of relapse, but ineffective in improving "negative," or deficit, symptoms. Aggressive attempts to totally control positive symptoms and to ameliorate negative symptoms tend to increase side effects and may be detrimental to the patient. Intensive psychotherapeutic and rehabilitative approaches are generally unproductive. Attempting to obtain a cure is unrealistic. A moderate approach is recommended, taking into consideration the limitations of existing treatments, achieving control of extreme symptoms and minimizing social and occupational limitations.
随着有效的抗精神病药物治疗方法的出现，精神分裂症患者越来越多地由初级保健医生在门诊环境中进行管理。药物治疗通常对治疗“阳性”或精神病性症状有效，并降低复发风险，但对改善“阴性”或缺陷症状无效。积极试图完全控制阳性症状和改善阴性症状往往会增加副作用，可能对患者有害。强化心理治疗和康复方法通常没有成效。试图治愈是不现实的。建议采取适度的方法，考虑到现有治疗方法的局限性，控制极端症状并尽量减少社会和职业限制。
