Mutational analysis of glutamate transporters.

Glutamate transporters are a family of transporters that regulate extracellular glutamate concentrations so as to maintain a dynamic and high-fidelity cell signalling process in the brain. Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to investigate various aspects of the structural and functional properties of these transporters to gain insights into how they work. This field of research has recently undergone a major development with the determination of the crystal structure of a bacterial glutamate transporter, and this chapter relates the results from mutagenesis experiments with what we now know about glutamate transporter structure.