Barnett K R, Schilling C, Greenfeld C R, Tomic D, Flaws J A
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Hum Reprod Update. 2006 Sep-Oct;12(5):537-55. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dml022. Epub 2006 May 25.
Ovarian follicle development is a complex process that begins with the establishment of what is thought to be a finite pool of primordial follicles and culminates in either the atretic degradation of the follicle or the release of a mature oocyte for fertilization. This review highlights the many advances made in understanding these events using transgenic mouse models. Specifically, this review describes the ovarian phenotypes of mice with genetic mutations that affect ovarian differentiation, primordial follicle formation, follicular growth, atresia, ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) formation. In addition, this review describes the phenotypes of mice with mutations in a variety of genes, which affect the hormones that regulate folliculogenesis. Because studies using transgenic animals have revealed a variety of reproductive abnormalities that resemble many reproductive disorders in women, it is likely that studies using transgenic mouse models will impact our understanding of ovarian function and fertility in women.
卵巢卵泡发育是一个复杂的过程，始于被认为数量有限的原始卵泡池的建立，最终以卵泡的闭锁退化或成熟卵母细胞的释放用于受精而告终。本综述重点介绍了利用转基因小鼠模型在理解这些事件方面取得的诸多进展。具体而言，本综述描述了具有影响卵巢分化、原始卵泡形成、卵泡生长、闭锁、排卵和黄体（CL）形成的基因突变的小鼠的卵巢表型。此外，本综述描述了多种基因发生突变的小鼠的表型，这些基因影响调节卵泡发生的激素。由于使用转基因动物的研究揭示了多种类似于女性许多生殖障碍的生殖异常情况，因此使用转基因小鼠模型的研究很可能会影响我们对女性卵巢功能和生育能力的理解。
