Cohen D, Green M, Block C, Slepon R, Ambar R, Wasserman S S, Levine M M
Medical Corps, Israel Defense Force.
Lancet. 1991 Apr 27;337(8748):993-7. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92657-n.
The effect of control of houseflies on the incidence of diarrhoea and shigellosis was evaluated in a prospective crossover intervention study at two military field bases several kilometers apart. In early summer, 1988, intensive fly control measures (mainly bait and trap strategy) were introduced on one base, while the other served as a control. After 11 weeks, as new cohorts arrived, the intervention was abruptly discontinued in the first base and instituted in the second for the next 11 weeks. The study was repeated the next summer. Overall, fly counts were 64% lower on the bases exposed to fly control measures (p = 0.024). Concomitantly, clinic visits dropped by 42% (p = 0.146) for diarrhoeal diseases and by 85% for shigellosis (p = 0.015), as did rates of seroconversion, by 76% (p = 0.024) for antibodies to Shigella and by 57% (p = 0.006) for antibodies to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The findings indicate that houseflies, acting as mechanical vectors, transmit Shigella (and possibly enterotoxigenic E coli) diarrhoeal infections.
在两个相距数公里的军事基地进行的一项前瞻性交叉干预研究中，评估了控制家蝇对腹泻和志贺氏菌病发病率的影响。1988年初夏，在一个基地采取了强化的灭蝇措施（主要是诱饵和诱捕策略），而另一个基地作为对照。11周后，随着新一批人员抵达，第一个基地突然停止干预措施，并在第二个基地实施接下来的11周。次年夏天重复了这项研究。总体而言，采取灭蝇措施的基地蝇虫数量降低了64%（p = 0.024）。与此同时，腹泻疾病的门诊就诊率下降了42%（p = 0.146），志贺氏菌病的门诊就诊率下降了85%（p = 0.015），血清转化率也有所下降，志贺氏菌抗体下降了76%（p = 0.024），产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗体下降了57%（p = 0.006）。研究结果表明，家蝇作为机械传播媒介，传播志贺氏菌（可能还有产肠毒素大肠杆菌）引起的腹泻感染。
