Levine O S, Levine M M
Division of Geographic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.
Rev Infect Dis. 1991 Jul-Aug;13(4):688-96. doi: 10.1093/clinids/13.4.688.
Houseflies (Musca domestica) are mechanical vectors of Shigella organisms. Seasons during which both flies and cases of dysentery are prevalent often coincide. Houseflies have an affinity for human excrement and, as documented by bacteriologic culture of trapped flies, become contaminated with Shigella organisms following contact with infected human feces. The inoculum required to transmit shigellosis is only 10-10(2). Since houseflies cohabit with humans, they can readily contaminate food and eating utensils. With the advent of insecticides in the 1940s, intervention studies in the United States provided evidence of the role of the housefly in transmission of shigellae. In towns that were exposed to fly-control measures, the density of flies and the prevalence of carriage of Shigella organisms, diarrhea, and mortality due to diarrheal disease among young children all markedly diminished as compared with the situation in control towns. Investigations that quantitate the importance of fly-borne transmission of Shigella organisms relative to other modes of transmission and that provide evaluation of measures to diminish fly-borne transmission are warranted in developing areas.
家蝇（家蝇属）是志贺氏菌属微生物的机械传播媒介。家蝇大量繁殖和痢疾病例高发的季节常常重合。家蝇喜欢接触人类粪便，正如对捕获的家蝇进行细菌培养所记录的那样，家蝇在接触受感染的人类粪便后会被志贺氏菌属微生物污染。传播志贺氏菌病所需的接种量仅为10 - 10² 。由于家蝇与人类共同生活，它们很容易污染食物和餐具。随着20世纪40年代杀虫剂的出现，美国的干预研究证明了家蝇在志贺氏菌传播中的作用。与对照城镇相比，在采取了灭蝇措施的城镇中，家蝇密度、志贺氏菌属微生物携带率、腹泻以及幼儿腹泻病死亡率均显著降低。在发展中地区，有必要开展调查，以量化家蝇传播志贺氏菌属微生物相对于其他传播方式的重要性，并评估减少家蝇传播的措施。
