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重新评估单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎的诊断方法。

Re-evaluating the diagnostic methods in herpes simplex encephalitis.

作者信息

Al-Shekhlee Amer, Kocharian Naira, Suarez Jose J

机构信息

The Neurological Institute, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44145, USA.

出版信息

Herpes. 2006 May;13(1):17-9.

Abstract

Several methods are used in clinical practice to investigate herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), including electroencephalography (EEG) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the viral genome in cerebrospinal fluid. PCR is the most sensitive and specific of the diagnostic methods currently employed. We retrospectively examined the diagnostic utility of EEG and cranial imaging within the first 24-48 h of symptom onset in patients with suspected HSE. Patients with herpes simplex-positive PCR results were compared with those with herpes simplex-negative PCR results. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges and/or focal temporal slowing were present in 90% of the PCR-positive patients at symptom onset compared with only 30% of the PCR-negative group. The sensitivity of EEG recordings decreased after 48 h. Although no patients had computed tomography findings suggestive of HSE, magnetic resonance imaging results were consistent with HSE in 86% of those with herpes simplex-positive PCR results obtained after 48 h from symptom onset.

摘要

临床实践中采用多种方法来研究单纯疱疹性脑炎(HSE),包括脑电图(EEG)以及检测脑脊液中病毒基因组的聚合酶链反应(PCR)。PCR是目前所采用诊断方法中最敏感且特异的。我们回顾性研究了疑似HSE患者在症状出现后的最初24至48小时内脑电图和头颅影像学检查的诊断效用。将PCR结果为单纯疱疹病毒阳性的患者与PCR结果为单纯疱疹病毒阴性的患者进行比较。症状出现时,90%的PCR阳性患者存在周期性一侧性癫痫样放电和/或颞叶局灶性慢波,而PCR阴性组仅为30%。脑电图记录的敏感性在48小时后下降。虽然没有患者的计算机断层扫描结果提示HSE,但在症状出现48小时后获得PCR结果为单纯疱疹病毒阳性的患者中,86%的磁共振成像结果与HSE相符。

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