Girault C, Tamion F, Beduneau G
Service de Réanimation Médicale Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Hôpitaux de Rouen, Rouen, France.
Rev Mal Respir. 2006 Apr;23 Suppl 2:4S27-4S43.
Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is a major cause of infection in the intensive care unit and is responsible for a significant increase in morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most frequent and severe form of NP.
Assessment of the quality of care and healthcare practices relating to the prevention and treatment of nosocomial pneumonia represents a potentially vast area but has been little studied in the literature. Difficulties include the lack of either a "gold standard" for diagnosis, or standardization of techniques for microbiological sampling and, therefore, the lack of reliable indicators of performance in the management of NP. Currently, published data mainly involve diagnostic strategies, preventive measures and antibiotic therapy.
In line with the latest published recommendations, clinicians should continue their efforts in this field to improve the management and reduce the impact of NP in the intensive care unit.
医院获得性肺炎（NP）是重症监护病房感染的主要原因，可导致发病率、死亡率显著增加以及医疗成本大幅上升。呼吸机相关性肺炎是NP最常见、最严重的形式。
对与医院获得性肺炎的预防和治疗相关的医疗质量和医疗实践进行评估是一个潜在的广阔领域，但在文献中对此研究较少。困难包括缺乏诊断的“金标准”，微生物采样技术缺乏标准化，因此在NP管理中缺乏可靠的性能指标。目前，已发表的数据主要涉及诊断策略、预防措施和抗生素治疗。
根据最新发表的建议，临床医生应在该领域继续努力，以改善医院获得性肺炎的管理并降低其在重症监护病房的影响。
