SanCristobal M, Chevalet C, Haley C S, Joosten R, Rattink A P, Harlizius B, Groenen M A M, Amigues Y, Boscher M-Y, Russell G, Law A, Davoli R, Russo V, Désautés C, Alderson L, Fimland E, Bagga M, Delgado J V, Vega-Pla J L, Martinez A M, Ramos M, Glodek P, Meyer J N, Gandini G C, Matassino D, Plastow G S, Siggens K W, Laval G, Archibald A L, Milan D, Hammond K, Cardellino R
Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 31326 Castanet Tolosan Cédex, France.
Anim Genet. 2006 Jun;37(3):189-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01385.x.
An important prerequisite for a conservation programme is a comprehensive description of genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to use anonymous genetic markers to assess the between- and the within-population components of genetic diversity for European pig breeds at the scale of the whole continent using microsatellites. Fifty-eight European pig breeds and lines were analysed including local breeds, national varieties of international breeds and commercial lines. A sample of the Chinese Meishan breed was also included. Eleven additional breeds from a previous project were added for some analyses. Approximately 50 individuals per breed were genotyped for a maximum of 50 microsatellite loci. Substantial within-breed variability was observed, with the average expected heterozygosity and observed number of alleles per locus being 0.56 [range 0.43-0.68] and 4.5 respectively. Genotypic frequencies departed from Hardy-Weinberg expectations (P < 0.01) in 15 European populations, with an excess of homozygotes in 12 of them. The European breeds were on average genetically very distinct, with a Wright F(ST) index value of 0.21. The Neighbour-Joining tree drawn from the Reynolds distances among the breeds showed that the national varieties of major breeds and the commercial lines were mostly clustered around their breeds of reference (Duroc, Hampshire, Landrace, Large White and Piétrain). In contrast, local breeds, with the exception of the Iberian breeds, exhibited a star-like topology. The results are discussed in the light of various forces, which may have driven the recent evolution of European pig breeds. This study has consequences for the interpretation of biodiversity results and will be of importance for future conservation programmes.
保护计划的一个重要前提是对遗传多样性进行全面描述。本研究的目的是使用匿名遗传标记，通过微卫星在整个欧洲大陆范围内评估欧洲猪品种群体间和群体内的遗传多样性组成部分。分析了58个欧洲猪品种和品系，包括地方品种、国际品种的国内变种以及商业品系。还纳入了中国梅山猪品种的一个样本。为了某些分析，添加了先前项目中的另外11个品种。每个品种大约50个个体针对最多50个微卫星位点进行基因分型。观察到品种内存在显著的变异性，每个位点的平均期望杂合度和观察到的等位基因数分别为0.56 [范围0.43 - 0.68] 和4.5。在15个欧洲群体中，基因型频率偏离了哈迪 - 温伯格预期（P < 0.01），其中12个群体纯合子过剩。欧洲品种平均在遗传上非常不同，赖特F(ST)指数值为0.21。根据品种间的雷诺兹距离绘制的邻接树表明，主要品种的国内变种和商业品系大多聚集在其参考品种（杜洛克、汉普夏、长白、大白和皮特兰）周围。相比之下，除伊比利亚品种外，地方品种呈现出星状拓扑结构。根据可能推动欧洲猪品种近期进化的各种因素对结果进行了讨论。本研究对生物多样性结果的解释具有影响，并且对未来的保护计划具有重要意义。
