Corcoran Rhiannon, Cummins Sinead, Rowse Georgina, Moore Rosie, Blackwood Nigel, Howard Robert, Kinderman Peter, Bentall Richard P
Division of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Psychol Med. 2006 Aug;36(8):1109-18. doi: 10.1017/S003329170600794X. Epub 2006 May 31.
The substantial literature examining social reasoning in people with delusions has, to date, neglected the commonest form of decision making in daily life. We address this imbalance by reporting here the findings of the first study to explore heuristic reasoning in people with persecutory delusions.
People with active or remitted paranoid delusions, depressed and healthy adults performed two novel heuristic reasoning tasks that varied in emotional valence.
The findings indicated that people with persecutory delusions displayed biases during heuristic reasoning that were most obvious when reasoning about threatening and positive material. Clear similarities existed between the currently paranoid group and the depressed group in terms of their reasoning about the likelihood of events happening to them, with both groups tending to believe that pleasant things would not happen to them. However, only the currently paranoid group showed an increased tendency to view other people as threatening.
This study has initiated the exploration of heuristic reasoning in paranoia and depression. The findings have therapeutic utility and future work could focus on the differentiation of paranoia and depression at a cognitive level.
迄今为止，大量研究妄想症患者社会推理的文献忽略了日常生活中最常见的决策形式。我们在此报告第一项探索被害妄想症患者启发式推理的研究结果，以解决这一失衡问题。
患有活跃或缓解期偏执妄想症的患者、抑郁症患者及健康成年人完成了两项在情绪效价上有所不同的新型启发式推理任务。
研究结果表明，被害妄想症患者在启发式推理过程中表现出偏差，在对威胁性和积极内容进行推理时最为明显。当前患有偏执妄想症的群体与抑郁症群体在对发生在自己身上的事件可能性的推理方面存在明显相似之处，两组都倾向于认为愉快的事情不会发生在自己身上。然而，只有当前患有偏执妄想症的群体表现出将他人视为威胁的倾向增加。
本研究开启了对偏执和抑郁中启发式推理的探索。研究结果具有治疗价值，未来的工作可以聚焦于在认知层面区分偏执和抑郁。
