Brumm Adam, Aziz Fachroel, van den Bergh Gert D, Morwood Michael J, Moore Mark W, Kurniawan Iwan, Hobbs Douglas R, Fullagar Richard
Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
Nature. 2006 Jun 1;441(7093):624-8. doi: 10.1038/nature04618.
In the Soa Basin of central Flores, eastern Indonesia, stratified archaeological sites, including Mata Menge, Boa Lesa and Kobatuwa (Fig. 1), contain stone artefacts associated with the fossilized remains of Stegodon florensis, Komodo dragon, rat and various other taxa. These sites have been dated to 840-700 kyr bp (thousand years before present). The authenticity of the Soa Basin artefacts and their provenance have been demonstrated by previous work, but to quell lingering doubts, here we describe the context, attributes and production modes of 507 artefacts excavated at Mata Menge. We also note specific similarities, and apparent technological continuity, between the Mata Menge stone artefacts and those excavated from Late Pleistocene levels at Liang Bua cave, 50 km to the west. The latter artefacts, dated to between 95-74 and 12 kyr ago, are associated with the remains of a dwarfed descendent of S. florensis, Komodo dragon, rat and a small-bodied hominin species, Homo floresiensis, which had a brain size of about 400 cubic centimetres. The Mata Menge evidence negates claims that stone artefacts associated with H. floresiensis are so complex that they must have been made by modern humans (Homo sapiens).
在印度尼西亚东部弗洛勒斯岛中部的索阿盆地，包括马塔门格、博阿莱萨和科巴图瓦在内的分层考古遗址（图1），包含了与弗洛勒斯剑齿象、科莫多龙、大鼠及其他各种分类群的化石遗骸相关的石器。这些遗址的年代测定为距今84万年至70万年。此前的研究已经证明了索阿盆地文物的真实性及其出处，但为了消除 lingering doubts，我们在此描述在马塔门格发掘的507件文物的背景、特征和制作方式。我们还指出了马塔门格石器与在西边50公里处的梁布阿洞穴晚更新世地层中发掘的石器之间的特定相似之处以及明显的技术连续性。后者的文物年代测定为距今9.5万年至7.4万年和1.2万年前之间，与弗洛勒斯剑齿象的侏儒后裔、科莫多龙、大鼠以及一种脑容量约为400立方厘米的小个子人类物种弗洛勒斯人的遗骸有关。马塔门格的证据驳斥了一种说法，即与弗洛勒斯人相关的石器非常复杂，以至于它们一定是由现代人（智人）制造的。
