Weber C
Gastroenterologie Klinik Sonnenhof, Bern.
Ther Umsch. 2006 May;63(5):333-7. doi: 10.1024/0040-5930.63.5.333.
Carcinoma of the colon and rectum is the third most frequent malignant disease in industrialised countries. Incidence and mortality of colon cancer can be effectively lowered by population screening. The individual risk status of the patient has to be assessed before the screening procedure. In people with an average risk screening should be performed after the 50th birthday. The choice of the applied procedure (endoscopic procedures or fecal occult blood test) depends on the individual situation of the patient. Complete colonoscopy has the highest sensitivity and specificity for the detection of adenomas or carcinomas and should therefore be offered first. Alternatively flexible sigmoidoscopy or repetitive testing for occult blood can be applied. Despite promising developments in the radiographic detection of colonic lesions, virtual colonoscopy cannot be recommended as a screening procedure.
在工业化国家，结肠直肠癌是第三大常见恶性疾病。通过人群筛查可有效降低结肠癌的发病率和死亡率。在进行筛查程序之前，必须评估患者的个体风险状况。对于平均风险人群，应在50岁生日之后进行筛查。所应用程序（内镜检查程序或粪便潜血试验）的选择取决于患者的个体情况。全结肠镜检查对腺瘤或癌的检测具有最高的敏感性和特异性，因此应首先采用。或者，也可应用乙状结肠镜检查或反复进行潜血检测。尽管在结肠病变的放射学检测方面有了令人鼓舞的进展，但虚拟结肠镜检查不能作为一种筛查程序推荐。
