Tanigawa Koichi, Tanaka Keiichi
Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
Resuscitation. 2006 Jun;69(3):365-70. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.04.001.
Emergency medical services are provided by the fire defence headquarters of the local government in Japan. There is a one-tiered EMS system. Ambulances are staffed by three crew members trained in rescue, stabilisation, transport, and advanced care of traumatic and medical emergencies. There are three levels of care provided by ambulance personnel including a basic-level ambulance crew (First Aid Class One, FAC-1), a second level (Standard First Aid Class, SFAC), and the highest level (Emergency Life Saving Technician, ELST). ELSTs are trained in all aspects of BLS and some ALS procedures relevant to pre-hospital emergency care. Further development of an effective medical control system is imperative as the activities of ambulance crews become more sophisticated. A marked recent increase in the volume of emergency calls is another issue of concern. Currently, private services for transportation of non-acute or minor injury/illness have been introduced in some areas, and dispatch protocols to triage 119 calls are being developed.
在日本，紧急医疗服务由当地政府的消防部门提供。日本实行一级紧急医疗服务体系。救护车配备三名经过救援、稳定病情、转运以及创伤和医疗紧急情况高级护理培训的工作人员。救护人员提供三级护理，包括基础级救护人员（一级急救，FAC - 1）、二级救护人员（标准急救，SFAC）以及最高级救护人员（紧急生命救助技术员，ELST）。紧急生命救助技术员接受了基础生命支持（BLS）各方面以及一些与院前急救相关的高级生命支持（ALS）程序的培训。随着救护人员的活动变得更加复杂，迫切需要进一步发展有效的医疗控制系统。近期紧急呼叫数量显著增加是另一个令人担忧的问题。目前一些地区已引入非急性或轻伤/病患者的私人转运服务，并且正在制定对119呼叫进行分类的调度协议。
