Kasamatsu Junya, Shima Masayuki, Yamazaki Shin, Tamura Kenji, Sun Guifan
Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006 Sep;209(5):435-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.04.007. Epub 2006 Jun 5.
To assess the effects of air pollution associated with coal heating in winter on pulmonary function of school children, pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV(1.0), PEF, FEF(75)) of 332 children in Shenyang, located in the northeast of China, were done four times between October 2001 and June 2002. The collected airborne particulate matter (PM) was analyzed for the concentrations of total suspended particles (TSP), PM of less than 7 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(7)), and PM of less than 2.1 microm (PM(2.1)). All four pulmonary function tests were completed in 244 school children. The airborne PM concentration was higher in April 2002 (end of heating) than in October 2001 (prior to heating). All four pulmonary function indices, adjusted for age and height, were significantly lower in April 2002 than in October 2001; the FEV(1.0) was lower in boys (0.233l, 95% CI: 0.167-0.299l) and girls (0.222l, 95% CI: 0.165-0.280l). The decrease continued to be significant in June 2002 compared to October 2001. The decreases in FEV and FEV(1.0) were also significantly associated with airborne PM concentration, which had a delayed effect on pulmonary function. An increase from the 25th to the 75th percentile of TSP, PM(7) and PM(2.1) was associated with a delayed decrease in FEV(1.0); 0.059l (95% CI: 0.020-0.106l), 0.095l (95% CI: 0.057-0.139l) and 0.110l (95% CI: 0.072-0.147l) in boys, and 0.066l (95% CI: 0.026-0.106l), 0.101l (95% CI: 0.063-0.139l) and 0.114l (95% CI: 0.080-0.152l) in girls, respectively. Our findings show that airborne PM might have a subacute effect on pulmonary function in children in Shenyang, and that PM(7) and PM(2.1) have more adverse effects on pulmonary function than TSP. The effects of airborne PM appear to be prolonged.
为评估冬季燃煤取暖相关空气污染对学龄儿童肺功能的影响，于2001年10月至2002年6月期间对位于中国东北部沈阳的332名儿童进行了4次肺功能测试（用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV(1.0)）、呼气峰值流速（PEF）、75%用力呼气流量（FEF(75)））。对收集的空气悬浮颗粒物（PM）分析了总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）、空气动力学直径小于7微米的颗粒物（PM(7)）以及小于2.1微米的颗粒物（PM(2.1)）的浓度。244名学龄儿童完成了全部4次肺功能测试。2002年4月（取暖结束时）的空气PM浓度高于2001年10月（取暖开始前）。经年龄和身高校正后，2002年4月的所有4项肺功能指标均显著低于2001年10月；男孩的FEV(1.0)较低（0.233升，95%置信区间：0.167 - 0.299升），女孩的为0.222升（95%置信区间：0.165 - 0.280升）。与2001年10月相比，2002年6月这些指标的下降仍具有显著性。FEV和FEV(1.0)的下降也与空气PM浓度显著相关，空气PM对肺功能有延迟效应。TSP、PM(7)和PM(2.1)从第25百分位数增加到第75百分位数与FEV(1.0)的延迟下降相关；男孩分别为0.059升（95%置信区间：0.020 - 0.106升）、0.095升（95%置信区间：0.057 - 0.139升）和0.110升（95%置信区间：0.072 - 0.147升），女孩分别为0.066升（95%置信区间：0.026 - 0.106升）、0.101升（95%置信区间：0.063 - 0.139升）和0.114升（95%置信区间：0.080 - 0.152升）。我们的研究结果表明，空气PM可能对沈阳儿童的肺功能有亚急性影响，且PM(7)和PM(2.1)对肺功能的不良影响比TSP更大。空气PM的影响似乎具有持续性。
