Kumar Dinesh, Goel N K, Mittal Poonam C, Misra Purnima
Department of Community Medicine, GMCH, Sector 32A, Chandigarh, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2006 May;73(5):417-21. doi: 10.1007/BF02758565.
To study the nutritional status of under-five children and to assess whether infant feeding practices are associated with the undernutrition in anganwari (AW) areas of urban Allahabad.
Under-five-years children and their mothers in selected four anganwari areas of urban Allahbad (UP) participated in the study. Nutritional assessment by WHO criterion (SD- classification) using summary indices of nutritional status: weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height was done. Normal test of proportions, Chi-square test for testing association of nutritional status with different characteristics and risk analysis using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals was also done.
Among all under five children surveyed, 36.4% underweight (< 2SD weight- for -age), 51.6% stunted (< 2SD height- for- age) and 10.6% wasted (< 2SD weight- for- height). Proportions of underweight (45.5%) and stunting (81.8%) were found maximum among children aged 13-24 months. Wasting was most prevalent (18.2%) among children aged 37-48 months. Initiation of breast-feeding after six hours of birth, deprivation from colostrum and improper complementary feeding were found significant (P< 0.05) risk factors for underweight. Wasting was not significantly associated (P>0.10) with any infant feeding practice studied. ICDS benefits received by children failed to improve the nutritional status of children.
Delayed initiation of breast-feeding, deprivation from colostrum and improper weaning are significant risk factors for undernutrition among under-fives. There is need for promotion and protection of optimal infant feeding practices for improving nutritional status of children.
研究五岁以下儿童的营养状况，并评估婴儿喂养方式是否与阿拉哈巴德市城区安格瓦里（AW）地区的营养不良有关。
来自北方邦阿拉哈巴德市选定的四个安格瓦里地区的五岁以下儿童及其母亲参与了该研究。采用世界卫生组织标准（标准差分类法），利用营养状况的汇总指标：年龄别体重、年龄别身高和身高别体重进行营养评估。还进行了比例的正态检验、用于检验营养状况与不同特征之间关联的卡方检验以及使用95%置信区间的比值比进行风险分析。
在所有接受调查的五岁以下儿童中，36.4%体重不足（年龄别体重低于2个标准差），51.6%发育迟缓（年龄别身高低于2个标准差），10.6%消瘦（身高别体重低于2个标准差）。在13 - 24个月大的儿童中，体重不足（45.5%）和发育迟缓（81.8%）的比例最高。在37 - 48个月大的儿童中，消瘦最为普遍（18.2%）。出生后六小时后开始母乳喂养、未摄入初乳和不适当的辅食喂养被发现是体重不足的显著（P<0.05）风险因素。消瘦与所研究的任何婴儿喂养方式均无显著关联（P>0.10）。儿童获得的综合儿童发展服务（ICDS）福利未能改善儿童的营养状况。
母乳喂养开始延迟、未摄入初乳和断奶不当是五岁以下儿童营养不良的重要风险因素。需要推广和保护最佳婴儿喂养方式以改善儿童的营养状况。
