Department of Maxillofacial and Craniofacial Surgery Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany.
Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2003 Mar;12(1):25-35. doi: 10.1080/13645700310013196.
Computers used as supporting tools for diagnostics, operation planning and therapy are of increasing relevance in surgery. Rapid progress in imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRT) and ultrasound already allows to represent anatomical and physiological conditions with maximal authenticity. In order to simulate complex surgeries we must develop ergonomic and intuitively useable software tools, thus enabling a precise and fast virtual execution of the planned surgical intervention preoperatively. Intraoperative support will consist of passive navigation tools, available already today, supporting the intraoperative orientation and, in the future, robots performing specific steps autonomously. Methods of augmented reality for the interaction of virtual objects and the real surgical scene are also suitable for the visualization of planning data and other medically relevant information in the operation situs. In maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery the techniques mentioned have been applied in all fields from dental implantology up to the correction of craniofacial malformations and the resection of skull base tumors. Many applications are still being developed or are still in the form of a prototype. However, it is already clear that developments in this area will have a considerable effect on a surgeon's routine work.
在外科手术中，用作诊断、手术规划和治疗辅助工具的计算机正变得越来越重要。计算机断层扫描（CT）、磁共振成像（MRT）和超声等成像技术的快速发展，已经能够以最大的真实性呈现解剖和生理状况。为了模拟复杂的手术，我们必须开发符合人体工程学且易于直观使用的软件工具，从而在术前精确、快速地虚拟执行计划好的手术干预。术中支持将包括如今已有的被动导航工具，用于辅助术中定位，以及未来能自主执行特定步骤的机器人。增强现实技术用于虚拟物体与真实手术场景的交互，也适用于在手术部位可视化规划数据和其他医学相关信息。在颌面和颅面外科手术中，上述技术已应用于从牙种植学到颅面畸形矫正以及颅底肿瘤切除等所有领域。许多应用仍在开发中，或者仍处于原型阶段。然而，很明显这一领域的发展将对外科医生的日常工作产生重大影响。
