Volicer L, Gold B I
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1975;56:211-37. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7529-6_10.
Ethanol and other alcohols stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in various tissues and potentiate its stimulation by some hormones. This effect, however, usually requires a high alcohol concentration. In some cases, an unknown substance, different from cyclic AMP, was formed from ATP in the presence of an alcohol and mimicked stimulation of adenylate cyclase. Ethanol inhibits phosphodiesterase activity in some tissues. In the brain, only the low affinity enzyme of pons-medulla region is inhibited. ATP levels and ATPase activities are affected by ethanol treatment and this can lead to secondary changes of the cyclic AMP levels. Cyclic AMP levels in the brain and liver are decreased by acute ethanol administration while levels in other organs are unchanged. High doses of ethanol inhibit the postdecapitation-induced rise of cyclic AMP level in the brain while low ethanol doses potentiate the postdecapitation rise of cyclic AMP in the lower brain stem. Chronic ethanol administration increases basal adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic AMP levels, and decreases stimulation of adenylate cyclase by norepinephrine in the brain. In contrast, the stimulation of cyclic AMP formation by norepinephrine and other biogenic amines is increased in the brain of ethanol-withdrawn animals. Chronic administration of ethanol affects also cyclic AMP levels and cyclic AMP formation in some peripheral organs. Cyclic AMP might be involved in ethanol-induced fatty liver, since it activates hepatic lipase and might also participate in the fatty acid oxidation.
乙醇和其他醇类可刺激多种组织中的腺苷酸环化酶活性，并增强某些激素对其的刺激作用。然而，这种效应通常需要高浓度的酒精。在某些情况下，在酒精存在下，ATP会形成一种不同于环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）的未知物质，它模拟了腺苷酸环化酶的刺激作用。乙醇可抑制某些组织中的磷酸二酯酶活性。在大脑中，仅脑桥 - 延髓区域的低亲和力酶受到抑制。乙醇处理会影响ATP水平和ATP酶活性，这可能导致环磷酸腺苷水平的继发性变化。急性给予乙醇会降低大脑和肝脏中的环磷酸腺苷水平，而其他器官中的水平则保持不变。高剂量乙醇会抑制断头后大脑中环磷酸腺苷水平的升高，而低剂量乙醇则会增强脑桥下部断头后环磷酸腺苷的升高。长期给予乙醇会增加基础腺苷酸环化酶活性和环磷酸腺苷水平，并降低大脑中去甲肾上腺素对腺苷酸环化酶的刺激作用。相反，在戒断乙醇的动物大脑中，去甲肾上腺素和其他生物胺对环磷酸腺苷形成的刺激作用会增强。长期给予乙醇也会影响一些外周器官中的环磷酸腺苷水平和环磷酸腺苷形成。环磷酸腺苷可能参与乙醇诱导的脂肪肝，因为它可激活肝脂肪酶，也可能参与脂肪酸氧化。
