Kogi Kazutaka
Institute for Science of Labour, 2-8-14, Sugao, Kawasaki 216-8501, Japan.
Appl Ergon. 2006 Jul;37(4):547-54. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2006.04.013. Epub 2006 Jun 6.
Recent experiences in using participatory methods for ergonomic workplace improvement are reviewed to know how these methods can be effective in different settings. The review covered participatory programmes for managers and workers in small enterprises, home workers, construction workers and farmers in Asian countries. To meet diversifying ergonomic needs, participatory steps reviewed are found to usually follow a good-practice approach easily adjustable according to local needs. These steps are found to usually focus on low-cost improvements. They can thus lead to concrete results particularly by addressing multiple technical areas together. Typical areas include materials handling, workstation design, physical environment and work organization. Further, the review confirms that the participatory methods are always modified according to each local situation. This is done by developing a group-work toolkit comprising action checklists and illustrated manuals and by building a support network of trained trainers. It is suggested that participatory methods taking a good-practice approach by multi-area low-cost improvements through the group use of locally adjusted toolkits are effective for improving small-scale workplaces including those in developing countries.
回顾了近期使用参与式方法改善工作场所人机工程学的经验，以了解这些方法在不同环境中如何发挥作用。该综述涵盖了亚洲国家针对小企业管理人员和工人、家庭工人、建筑工人及农民的参与式项目。为满足多样化的人机工程学需求，所审查的参与式步骤通常遵循一种易于根据当地需求进行调整的良好实践方法。这些步骤通常侧重于低成本改进。因此，通过共同解决多个技术领域的问题，它们能够产生具体成果。典型领域包括物料搬运、工作站设计、物理环境和工作组织。此外，该综述证实，参与式方法总是根据当地情况进行调整。这通过开发一个包含行动清单和图文手册的小组工作工具包以及建立一个由训练有素的培训师组成的支持网络来实现。建议通过集体使用本地调整的工具包进行多领域低成本改进的良好实践方法，对于改善包括发展中国家在内的小规模工作场所是有效的。
