Johnson Susan L, Taylor-Holloway Lisa A
Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80231, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jun;83(6):1276-82. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1276.
Preschool-aged children consistently self-regulate energy intake by adjusting food intake to reflect the energy density of the diet. However, only select adults demonstrate self-regulation skills related to energy density cues.
The objective was to examine the developmental characteristics of non-Hispanic white and Hispanic children's self-regulation of energy intake and to determine whether individual differences in the precision of food intake regulation were related to the children's anthropometric measures.
Three hundred forty-two 5-12-y-old children were recruited from 2 schools, one school that enrolled predominantly non-Hispanic white children (n = 148) and another school in a Hispanic neighborhood (n = 194). The children ate 2-part meals, which consisted of a preload and a main meal. The preloads were fruit-flavored drinks that were either high (625 kJ) or low (12.5 kJ) in energy density. The children's food intake at the meal was measured and energy intake was estimated. An eating Compensation Index (COMPX) score, which reflected the children's ability to regulate energy intake, was used to predict the children's adiposity.
Both non-Hispanic white and Hispanic children showed evidence of incomplete compensation, with a mean (+/-SEM) COMPX score of 48.6 +/- 6.4%. No significant ethnicity or sex differences in the children's overall COMPX scores were observed; however, the children's COMPX scores decreased with age (P < 0.05). Maternal body mass index was the best predictor of the children's weight status.
Children aged 5-12 y show individual variation in their responsiveness to energy density cues; the responsiveness declines with increasing age.
学龄前儿童通过调整食物摄入量以反映饮食的能量密度来持续自我调节能量摄入。然而，只有部分成年人表现出与能量密度线索相关的自我调节技能。
本研究旨在探讨非西班牙裔白人和西班牙裔儿童能量摄入自我调节的发育特征，并确定食物摄入量调节精度的个体差异是否与儿童的人体测量指标相关。
从两所学校招募了342名5至12岁的儿童，一所学校主要招收非西班牙裔白人儿童（n = 148），另一所学校位于西班牙裔社区（n = 194）。孩子们吃两部分组成的餐食，包括一份预负荷食物和一份主餐。预负荷食物是能量密度高（625千焦）或低（12.5千焦）的水果味饮料。测量孩子们用餐时的食物摄入量并估算能量摄入量。使用反映孩子们调节能量摄入能力的饮食补偿指数（COMPX）得分来预测孩子们的肥胖程度。
非西班牙裔白人和西班牙裔儿童均表现出不完全补偿的证据，平均（±标准误）COMPX得分为48.6±6.4%。未观察到儿童总体COMPX得分存在显著的种族或性别差异；然而，儿童的COMPX得分随年龄增长而下降（P < 0.05）。母亲的体重指数是儿童体重状况的最佳预测指标。
5至12岁的儿童对能量密度线索的反应存在个体差异；随着年龄的增长，反应性会下降。
