Chang Hsing-Yi, Hu Yu-Whuei, Yue Ching-Syang Jack, Wen Yu-Wen, Yeh Wen-Ting, Hsu Li-San, Tsai Shin-Yin, Pan Wen-Harn
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nan-Kang, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jun;83(6):1289-96. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1289.
The beneficial effects of potassium-enriched salt on blood pressure have been reported in a few short-term trials. The long-term effects of potassium-enriched salt on cardiovascular mortality have not been carefully studied.
The objective was to examine the effects of potassium-enriched salt on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and medical expenditures in elderly veterans.
Five kitchens of a veteran retirement home were randomized into 2 groups (experimental or control) and veterans assigned to those kitchens were given either potassium-enriched salt (experimental group) or regular salt (control group) for approximately 31 mo. Information on death, health insurance claims, and dates that veterans moved in or out of the home was gathered.
Altogether, 1981 veterans, 768 in the experimental [x (+/-SD) age: 74.8 +/- 7.1 y] and 1213 in the control (age: 74.9 +/- 6.7 y) groups, were included in the analysis. The experimental group had better CVD survivorship than did the control group. The incidence of CVD-related deaths was 13.1 per 1000 persons (27 deaths in 2057 person-years) and 20.5 per 1000 (66 deaths in 3218 person-years) for the experimental and control groups, respectively. A significant reduction in CVD mortality (age-adjusted hazard ratio: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.95) was observed in the experimental group. Persons in the experimental group lived 0.3-0.90 y longer and spent significantly less (approximately US Dollars 426/y) in inpatient care for CVD than did the control group, after control for age and previous hospitalization expenditures.
This study showed a long-term beneficial effect on CVD mortality and medical expenditure associated with a switch from regular salt to potassium-enriched salt in a group of elderly veterans. The effect was likely due to a major increase in potassium and a moderate reduction in sodium intakes.
在一些短期试验中报告了富钾盐对血压的有益作用。富钾盐对心血管疾病死亡率的长期影响尚未得到仔细研究。
本研究旨在探讨富钾盐对老年退伍军人心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率和医疗费用的影响。
一家退伍军人养老院的五个厨房被随机分为两组（实验组或对照组），分配到这些厨房的退伍军人分别食用富钾盐（实验组）或普通盐（对照组）约31个月。收集了有关死亡、健康保险索赔以及退伍军人入住或搬出养老院日期的信息。
分析共纳入1981名退伍军人，其中实验组768人（年龄[x（±标准差）：74.8±7.1岁]），对照组1213人（年龄：74.9±6.7岁）。实验组的心血管疾病生存率优于对照组。实验组和对照组心血管疾病相关死亡的发生率分别为每1000人13.1例（2057人年中有27例死亡）和每1000人20.5例（3218人年中有66例死亡）。实验组心血管疾病死亡率显著降低（年龄调整风险比：0.59；95%可信区间：0.37，0.95）。在对年龄和既往住院费用进行校正后，实验组的患者比对照组多活0.3 - 0.90年，并且心血管疾病住院护理费用显著减少（约每年426美元）。
本研究表明，在一组老年退伍军人中，从普通盐改用富钾盐对心血管疾病死亡率和医疗费用具有长期有益影响。这种影响可能是由于钾摄入量大幅增加和钠摄入量适度减少所致。
