Ypinazar V A, Margolis S A
University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Rural Clinical Division, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
Rural Remote Health. 2006 Apr-Jun;6(2):527. Epub 2006 Jun 7.
Medical education has undergone significant changes globally. Calls for the revitalisation of centuries old pathways of learning have resulted in innovative medical curricula. Didactic modes of teaching which involved the learning of copious amounts of facts have given way to curricula that focus on the horizontal and vertical integration of basic and clinical sciences. Increasing concern for patient care and safety has led to a 'gap' between the needs of medical students to acquire necessary psychomotor skills and the safety and wellbeing of the patient. This has resulted in alternate teaching methods that include non-patient based training for the acquisition of clinical skills. The use of computerised, full-sized human simulators provides medical students with the necessary psychomotor and clinical reasoning skills in a realistic learning environment, while remaining risk free to patients. These clinical simulators are powerful learning tools that have applications at all levels of medical education across multiple disciplines, emphasising the multidisciplinary approach required in many medical situations. This article reviews the literature on medical simulation and provides the contextual basis for the establishment of a Clinical Simulation Learning Centre (CSLC) in a rural clinical school in Australia. The educational program, as well as the design, layout and equipment of the CSLC are described, as well as implications for rural practitioners. The CSLC has been a major capital investment in a relatively under-resourced part of regional Australia and has provided opportunities for ongoing education across a range of healthcare professionals in the community.
全球范围内，医学教育发生了重大变革。要求重振数百年古老学习路径的呼声催生了创新的医学课程。过去那种以大量事实学习为主的讲授式教学模式，已被注重基础科学与临床科学横向和纵向整合的课程所取代。对患者护理和安全的日益关注，导致医学生获取必要的心理运动技能的需求与患者的安全和福祉之间出现了“差距”。这就催生了替代教学方法，包括通过非患者为基础的培训来获取临床技能。使用计算机化的全尺寸人体模拟器，能在现实的学习环境中为医学生提供必要的心理运动和临床推理技能，同时对患者而言毫无风险。这些临床模拟器是强大的学习工具，在跨多个学科的医学教育各个层面都有应用，强调了许多医疗情形中所需的多学科方法。本文回顾了关于医学模拟的文献，并为在澳大利亚一所农村临床学校建立临床模拟学习中心（CSLC）提供了背景依据。文中描述了该学习中心的教育项目、设计、布局和设备，以及对农村从业者的影响。临床模拟学习中心是对澳大利亚资源相对匮乏地区的一项重大资本投资，为社区内各类医疗保健专业人员提供了持续教育的机会。
