Gatari Michael J, Boman Johan, Wagner Annemarie, Janhäll Sara, Isakson Jan
Chemistry Department, Atmospheric Science, Göteborg University, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
Sci Total Environ. 2006 Sep 15;368(2-3):675-85. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.04.004. Epub 2006 Jun 9.
Atmospheric aerosols from seven rural sites in northern Vietnam, east of Hanoi, were sampled and analyzed. The aim of the study was to evaluate trace elemental and black carbon (BC) concentrations in fine particles (PM(2.5)) and to investigate the influence of the Pha Lai power plant and other pollution sources on regional air quality. Seven measurement stations were set up at selected rural sites and a campaign consisting of 12 two-day measurement periods was conducted from the end of May until the end of October 2000. At each location a pair of samplers was installed consisting of a cyclone loaded with Teflon filters and a modified Millipore air monitoring cartridge loaded with glass fibre filters. The obtained samples were analyzed for trace elements by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), while a black smoke detector was used for BC analysis. Seventeen trace elements were analyzed; Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sr, Ti, V and Zn and their concentrations evaluated. The results showed that BC, Ca, Cl, Fe, K and S dominated in the sampled atmospheric aerosols. The measured concentrations of the potentially hazardous trace elements Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb were all below the limits defined by Vietnamese standards of ambient air quality. Statistical evaluations indicated that coal and heavy fuel oil combustion were major sources of atmospheric pollutants in the area and that biomass burning and road transport had a marked influence on regional air quality. It was concluded that the Pha Lai power plant was the major source of coal combustion emissions. Trace element emissions originating from river transportation were suggested as another major source of atmospheric pollutants. The results indicate that the elemental concentrations in PM(2.5) are strongly influenced by seasonal variations. Further measurements are required to identify the impact of long-range transported continental air masses on the air quality of the investigated rural area.
对越南北部河内以东七个乡村地点的大气气溶胶进行了采样和分析。该研究的目的是评估细颗粒物（PM₂.₅）中的痕量元素和黑碳（BC）浓度，并调查帕莱发电厂及其他污染源对区域空气质量的影响。在选定的乡村地点设立了七个测量站，并于2000年5月底至10月底进行了一项由12个为期两天的测量周期组成的活动。在每个地点安装了一对采样器，一个是装有特氟龙滤膜的旋风分离器，另一个是装有玻璃纤维滤膜的改良密理博空气监测滤筒。所采集的样本通过能量色散X射线荧光光谱法（EDXRF）分析痕量元素，同时使用黑烟探测器进行黑碳分析。分析了17种痕量元素；溴、钙、氯、铬、铜、铁、钾、锰、镍、铅、铷、硫、硒、锶、钛、钒和锌，并评估了它们的浓度。结果表明，黑碳、钙、氯、铁、钾和硫在采样的大气气溶胶中占主导地位。所测的潜在有害痕量元素铬、锰、镍和铅的浓度均低于越南环境空气质量标准规定的限值。统计评估表明，煤炭和重质燃料油燃烧是该地区大气污染物的主要来源，生物质燃烧和道路运输对区域空气质量有显著影响。得出的结论是，帕莱发电厂是煤炭燃烧排放的主要来源。河流运输产生的痕量元素排放被认为是大气污染物的另一个主要来源。结果表明，PM₂.₅中的元素浓度受季节变化的强烈影响。需要进一步测量以确定远距离输送的大陆气团对所调查农村地区空气质量的影响。
