Raz Amir, Moreno-Iñiguez Miguel, Martin Laura, Zhu Hongtu
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, MRI Unit in the Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 2007 Jun;16(2):331-8. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2006.04.004. Epub 2006 Jun 9.
Cognitive scientists distinguish between automatic and controlled mental processes. Automatic processes are either innately involuntary or become automatized through extensive practice. For example, reading words is a purportedly automatic process for proficient readers and the Stroop effect is consequently considered the "gold standard" of automated performance. Although the question of whether it is possible to regain control over an automatic process is mostly unasked, we provide compelling data showing that posthypnotic suggestion reduced and even removed Stroop interference in highly hypnotizable individuals. Drawing on a large sample of highly hypnotizable participants, we examined the effects of suggestion on Stroop performance both with and without a posthypnotic suggestion to perceive the input stream as meaningless symbols. We show that suggestion administered to highly hypnotizable persons significantly reduced Stroop interference and derailed a seemingly automatic process.
认知科学家区分了自动的和受控的心理过程。自动过程要么是天生不由自主的，要么是通过大量练习而自动化的。例如，对于熟练的读者来说，阅读单词是一个据称自动的过程，因此斯特鲁普效应被认为是自动化表现的“黄金标准”。尽管关于是否有可能重新控制一个自动过程的问题大多未被提出，但我们提供了令人信服的数据表明，催眠后暗示减少甚至消除了高度可催眠个体中的斯特鲁普干扰。基于大量高度可催眠参与者的样本，我们研究了暗示对斯特鲁普表现的影响，包括有无催眠后暗示将输入流视为无意义符号的情况。我们表明，给予高度可催眠者的暗示显著减少了斯特鲁普干扰，并使一个看似自动的过程脱轨。
