Knott Verner J, Scherling Carole S, Blais Crystal M, Camarda Jordan, Fisher Derek J, Millar Anne, McIntosh Judy F
University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2006 Apr;8(2):263-73. doi: 10.1080/14622200600576669.
Behavioral studies have shown that nicotine enhances performance in sustained attention tasks, but they have not shown convincing support for the effects of nicotine on tasks requiring selective attention or attentional control under conditions of distraction. We investigated distractibility in 14 smokers (7 females) with event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance measures extracted from an auditory discrimination task requiring a choice reaction time response to short- and long-duration tones, both with and without embedded deviants. Nicotine gum (4 mg), administered in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, failed to counter deviant-elicited behavioral distraction (i.e., slower reaction times and increased response errors), and it did not influence the distracter-elicited mismatch negativity, the P300a, or the reorienting negativity ERP components reflecting acoustic change detection, involuntary attentional switching, and attentional reorienting, respectively. Results are discussed in relation to a stimulus-filter model of smoking and in relation to future research directions.
行为学研究表明，尼古丁能提高持续注意力任务中的表现，但在分心条件下，对于尼古丁对需要选择性注意力或注意力控制的任务的影响，这些研究并未给出令人信服的支持。我们使用事件相关脑电位（ERP）以及从一项听觉辨别任务中提取的行为表现指标，对14名吸烟者（7名女性）的注意力分散情况进行了调查。该听觉辨别任务要求对短时长和长时长音调做出选择反应时间的响应，音调中有无嵌入异常音调。尼古丁口香糖（4毫克）采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照交叉设计给药，未能对抗异常音调引发的行为分心（即反应时间延长和反应错误增加），也未影响分心物引发的失配负波、P300a或分别反映听觉变化检测、非自愿注意力切换和注意力重新定向的重新定向负波ERP成分。本文结合吸烟的刺激过滤模型以及未来研究方向对研究结果进行了讨论。
