Nagata Chisato, Mizoue Tetsuya, Tanaka Keitaro, Tsuji Ichiro, Wakai Kenji, Inoue Manami, Tsugane Shoichiro
Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jun;36(6):387-94. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyl031. Epub 2006 Jun 9.
Our research group undertook an appraisal of the body of epidemiological studies on cancer in Japan to evaluate the existing evidence concerning the association between health-related lifestyles and cancer. As tobacco smoking may be one of the few modifiable risk factors for breast cancer, we focused on the association between tobacco smoking and the risk of breast cancer in this review.
A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify epidemiological studies on the association between smoking and breast cancer incidence or mortality among the Japanese from 1966 to 2005. Evaluation of associations was based on the strength of evidence and the magnitude of association, together with biological plausibility as previously evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Three cohort studies and eight case-control studies were identified. The relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) of breast cancer for current smokers ranged from 0.71 to 6.26 in these studies. A significantly increased risk among current smokers compared with never smokers (RR = 1.7) was reported in one out of the three cohort studies. Moderate or strong associations between smoking and breast cancer risk (OR > 2.0) were observed in four of the eight case-control studies. Experimental studies have supported the biological plausibility of a positive association between tobacco smoking and breast cancer risk.
We conclude that tobacco smoking possibly increases the risk of breast cancer in the Japanese population.
我们的研究小组对日本癌症流行病学研究进行了评估，以评价有关健康相关生活方式与癌症之间关联的现有证据。由于吸烟可能是乳腺癌为数不多的可改变风险因素之一，我们在本综述中重点关注吸烟与乳腺癌风险之间的关联。
进行了一项MEDLINE检索，以确定1966年至2005年间关于日本人群吸烟与乳腺癌发病率或死亡率之间关联的流行病学研究。基于证据强度、关联程度以及国际癌症研究机构先前评估的生物学合理性对关联进行评估。
共识别出三项队列研究和八项病例对照研究。在这些研究中，当前吸烟者患乳腺癌的相对风险（RR）或比值比（OR）范围为0.71至6.26。三项队列研究中有一项报告称，当前吸烟者与从不吸烟者相比，风险显著增加（RR = 1.7）。八项病例对照研究中有四项观察到吸烟与乳腺癌风险之间存在中度或强关联（OR > 2.0）。实验研究支持了吸烟与乳腺癌风险之间存在正相关的生物学合理性。
我们得出结论，吸烟可能会增加日本人群患乳腺癌的风险。
