南非煤矿工人的可吸入煤尘暴露与呼吸道症状：现职矿工与离职矿工的比较
Respirable coal dust exposure and respiratory symptoms in South-African coal miners: a comparison of current and ex-miners.
作者信息
Naidoo Rajen N, Robins Thomas G, Seixas Noah, Lalloo Umesh G, Becklake Margaret
机构信息
Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, South Africa.
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2006 Jun;48(6):581-90. doi: 10.1097/01.jom.0000200875.99411.03.
OBJECTIVES
Dose-response associations between respirable dust exposure and respiratory symptoms and between symptoms and spirometry outcomes among currently employed and formerly employed South-African coal miners were investigated.
METHODS
Work histories, interviews, and spirometry and cumulative exposure were assessed among 684 current and 212 ex-miners.
RESULTS
Lower prevalences of symptoms were found among employed compared with ex-miners. Associations with increasing exposure for symptoms of phlegm and past history of tuberculosis were observed, whereas other symptom prevalences were higher in the higher exposure categories. Symptomatic ex-miners exhibited lower lung function compared to the nonsymptomatic.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with published data, symptoms rates were low in current miners but high in ex-miners. Although explanations could include the low prevalence of smoking and/or reporting/selection bias, a "survivor" and/or a "hire" effect is more likely, resulting in an underestimation of the dust-related effect.
目的
研究南非现职和曾经任职的煤矿工人中可吸入粉尘暴露与呼吸道症状之间以及症状与肺功能测定结果之间的剂量反应关系。
方法
对684名现职矿工和212名前矿工进行了工作经历、访谈、肺功能测定和累积暴露评估。
结果
与前矿工相比，现职矿工的症状患病率较低。观察到咳痰症状和既往结核病史与暴露增加有关，而其他症状患病率在高暴露类别中更高。有症状的前矿工肺功能低于无症状者。
结论
与已发表的数据相比，现职矿工的症状发生率较低，而前矿工的症状发生率较高。尽管解释可能包括吸烟率低和/或报告/选择偏倚，但更可能是“幸存者”和/或“雇佣”效应，导致对粉尘相关效应的低估。
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