Huber R M
Pneumologie, Klinikum der Universität - Innenstadt, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336 München, Germany.
Internist (Berl). 2006 Jun;47(6):611-20; quiz 621. doi: 10.1007/s00108-006-1581-3.
Although various benign and malignant tumors can occur in the bronchi and lungs, lung cancer is by far the most common tumor and the leading cause of tumor death worldwide. For therapeutic reasons lung cancer is classified currently as small cell (SCLC) or non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The main cause is smoking. There are no specific symptoms that enable early detection. Staging is according to the international TNM-system. As the results of therapy to date are disappointing and many questions remain unsolved, as many patients as possible should be included in further prospective trials. In SCLC polychemotherapy is mandatory; in local tumor stages radiotherapy should be combined early on with chemotherapy, and in cases of complete remission, prophylactic cranial irradiation is indicated. In operable stages of NSCLC adjuvant chemotherapy demonstrates a survival benefit. In locally advanced NSCLC, radiochemotherapy is now the standard of care. Advanced stages require chemotherapy usually with two drugs, second-line chemotherapy is indicated in cases of relapse.
尽管支气管和肺部可发生各种良性和恶性肿瘤，但肺癌是迄今为止最常见的肿瘤，也是全球肿瘤死亡的主要原因。出于治疗目的，肺癌目前分为小细胞肺癌（SCLC）或非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）。主要病因是吸烟。没有能够实现早期检测的特定症状。分期依据国际TNM系统。由于迄今为止的治疗结果令人失望且许多问题仍未解决，应让尽可能多的患者纳入进一步的前瞻性试验。在小细胞肺癌中，联合化疗是必需的；在局部肿瘤阶段，放疗应尽早与化疗联合，在完全缓解的情况下，需进行预防性颅脑照射。在可手术的非小细胞肺癌阶段，辅助化疗可带来生存获益。在局部晚期非小细胞肺癌中，放化疗是目前的标准治疗方法。晚期阶段通常需要使用两种药物进行化疗，复发时则需进行二线化疗。
