Vismara Claudio, Di Muzio Andrea, Tarca Silvia, Lucchino Marta, Foti Ingrid, Caloni Francesca
Department of Biology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2006 Jun;77(3):234-7. doi: 10.1002/bdrb.20079.
The principal Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) hydroxylated metabolite excreted in milk is Aflatoxin M(1) (AFM(1)) classified in group 2B by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Human exposure to AFM(1) is due to the consumption of contaminated dairy products and partly to endogenous production through AFB(1) liver metabolism.
Since no data are available on AFM(1) embryotoxicity, its lethal and teratogenic potential was investigated using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Stage-8 blastulae were exposed to AFM(1) at 1, 4, 16, 64, and 256 microg/L concentrations until stage 47, free-swimming larva.
A slight increase of mortality and malformed larva percents was found in AFM(1)-exposed groups but these differences were not statistically significant in comparison with the controls.
Therefore, AFM(1) is a non-embryotoxic compound when evaluated with a FETAX model at concentrations under the conditions tested. However, AFM(1) merits further studies using mammals as experimental models to identify a possible risk during human pregnancy.
牛奶中排出的主要黄曲霉毒素B(1)（AFB(1)）羟基化代谢物是黄曲霉毒素M(1)（AFM(1)），被国际癌症研究机构（IARC）归类为2B组。人类接触AFM(1)是由于食用受污染的乳制品，部分也是由于AFB(1)在肝脏中的代谢产生的内源性物质。
由于尚无关于AFM(1)胚胎毒性的数据，因此使用非洲爪蟾胚胎致畸试验（FETAX）研究了其致死和致畸潜力。将8期囊胚暴露于浓度为1、4、16、64和256微克/升的AFM(1)中，直至发育到47期自由游动幼虫阶段。
在暴露于AFM(1)的组中发现死亡率和畸形幼虫百分比略有增加，但与对照组相比，这些差异无统计学意义。
因此，在测试条件下，用FETAX模型评估时，AFM(1)是一种无胚胎毒性的化合物。然而，AFM(1)值得进一步使用哺乳动物作为实验模型进行研究，以确定人类怀孕期间可能存在的风险。
