Cano-Sancho German, Marin Sonia, Ramos Antonio J, Peris-Vicente Juan, Sanchis Vicente
Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, XaRTA-UTPV, Lleida, Spain.
Rev Iberoam Micol. 2010 Sep 30;27(3):130-5. doi: 10.1016/j.riam.2010.05.003. Epub 2010 Jun 16.
Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) is the main monohydroxylated derivative of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) formed in liver and excreted into milk. Although AFM₁ is less toxic than AFB₁, it has been classified as a possible human carcinogen, Group 2B agent by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the occurrence of AFM₁ in the main dairy products consumed in Catalonia region (Spain), and (ii) to assess the exposure of Catalonian population to aflatoxin M₁ through deterministic and probabilistic method.
Occurrence of Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) was determined in 72 composites of milk, 72 composites of cheese and 72 composites of yoghurt from Catalonia. AFM₁ content was analysed using an Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay commercial kit. Three approaches to exposure assessment were conducted: one deterministic method and two probabilistic models with Monte Carlo simulations.
AFM₁ was detected in 94.4% (68/72) of whole UHT milk samples, in 2.8% (2/72) of yoghurt samples and not detected in cheese. The maximum level was detected in one yoghurt sample with 51.58 ng/kg, only this sample being over the legal EU limit of 50 ng/kg. Milk, cheese and yoghurt mean concentrations were 9.29±2.61, <12.5 and 13.22±4.82 ng/kg, respectively.
According to these values, it should be expected Catalonian population is not exposed to a significant risk from aflatoxin M₁ including average and high consumers.
黄曲霉毒素M₁（AFM₁）是黄曲霉毒素B₁（AFB₁）在肝脏中形成并排泄到牛奶中的主要单羟基化衍生物。尽管AFM₁的毒性低于AFB₁，但它已被国际癌症研究机构（IARC）列为2B类可能的人类致癌物。
本研究的目的是（i）确定西班牙加泰罗尼亚地区消费的主要乳制品中AFM₁的存在情况，以及（ii）通过确定性和概率性方法评估加泰罗尼亚人群对黄曲霉毒素M₁的暴露情况。
测定了来自加泰罗尼亚的72份牛奶、72份奶酪和72份酸奶的混合物中黄曲霉毒素M₁（AFM₁）的存在情况。使用酶联免疫吸附测定商业试剂盒分析AFM₁含量。进行了三种暴露评估方法：一种确定性方法和两种蒙特卡罗模拟的概率模型。
在94.4%（68/72）的超高温灭菌全脂牛奶样品中检测到AFM₁，在2.8%（2/72）的酸奶样品中检测到，在奶酪中未检测到。在一个酸奶样品中检测到最高水平为51.58 ng/kg，只有该样品超过了欧盟50 ng/kg的法定限值。牛奶、奶酪和酸奶的平均浓度分别为9.29±2.61、<12.5和13.22±4.82 ng/kg。
根据这些值，预计加泰罗尼亚人群，包括普通消费者和高消费者，不会因黄曲霉毒素M₁而面临重大风险。
