Beran J
Klinika infekcních nemocí Lékaské fakulty UK a FN Hradec Králové.
Vnitr Lek. 2006 May;52(5):438-42.
Principles of prevention of infectious diseases have been known for several thousands of years. One of the most significant tools of infection prophylaxis is immunization. Vaccines containing thymus-dependent antigens produce massive and complex immune response and feature immunologic memory. That is why they can successfully protect patients with diabetes. Lately, it has been thought by general public and even experts that application of vaccines within national immunization programmes is one of the etiopathogenetic factors in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, analysis of extensive studies performed by the experts of the Institute for Vaccine Safety proved that there is no positive or negative impact of immunization on the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The basic vaccinations recommended for diabetics include immunizations against influenza, pneumococcal infections, tetanus and viral hepatitis B. Other vaccines are administered only after individual assessment of benefits and risks for the diabetic patient. Most often, these are vaccinations against viral hepatitis A, tick-borne encephalitis, meningococcal infections and other infections that put in risk diabetic patients travelling abroad.
传染病的预防原则已为人所知数千年。感染预防最重要的工具之一是免疫接种。含有胸腺依赖性抗原的疫苗会产生大规模且复杂的免疫反应，并具有免疫记忆。这就是它们能够成功保护糖尿病患者的原因。最近，公众甚至专家都认为，在国家免疫规划中使用疫苗是1型糖尿病（DM）发病的病因学因素之一。然而，疫苗安全研究所的专家进行的大量研究分析证明，免疫接种对1型糖尿病的发病没有正面或负面影响。糖尿病患者推荐的基本疫苗接种包括流感、肺炎球菌感染、破伤风和乙型病毒性肝炎的免疫接种。其他疫苗仅在对糖尿病患者的益处和风险进行个体评估后才接种。最常见的是甲型病毒性肝炎、蜱传脑炎、脑膜炎球菌感染和其他使出国旅行的糖尿病患者面临风险的感染的疫苗接种。
