Melo Sara Sigmaringa, Taylor Jayne L, Bentall Richard P
School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
Psychol Psychother. 2006 Jun;79(Pt 2):271-87. doi: 10.1348/147608305X52856.
To investigate whether there are two stable types of paranoia, 'poor me' and 'bad me', as described by Trower and Chadwick (1995), and whether beliefs about the deservedness of persecution are associated with psychological measures.
In-patients experiencing persecutory delusions were assigned either to 'poor me' (PM) or 'bad me'(BM) groups, according to their rating of a perceived deservedness scale, which was repeated on subsequent assessments. Participants were assessed for depression (BDI); construction of the self (Self-to-Others Scale); autonomy and sociotropy (PSI); perceived parental behaviour (PBI); attributional style (ASQ) and, meaningful daily events (DEI, devised for the study). A healthy control group was also assessed.
Many patients' perceived deservedness of persecution varied across time, so that some patients were PM at one point in time but BM at another. BM paranoia was associated with high levels of depression. PM and BM patients groups both scored higher than the controls on the subscales of Self-to-Others Scale and on the PSI. PM patients exhibited a marked self-serving bias on the ASQ, and reported less parental care on the PSI, compared to the BM patients. Both groups reported less PBI mother care than the controls. BM patients reported more failure events than PM patients or controls. PM patients reported more loss of control events than the than BM patients and controls.
PM and BM paranoia may represent separate phases of an unstable phenomenon. The findings are consistent with an attributional account of paranoid thinking.
调查是否存在特罗尔和查德威克（1995年）所描述的两种稳定的偏执类型，即“可怜的我”和“糟糕的我”，以及关于迫害应得性的信念是否与心理测量指标相关。
根据患者对感知到的应得性量表的评分，将患有被害妄想的住院患者分为“可怜的我”（PM）组或“糟糕的我”（BM）组，该量表在后续评估中重复使用。对参与者进行抑郁（贝克抑郁量表）、自我建构（自我与他人量表）、自主性和社会依赖（心理社会指标量表）、感知到的父母行为（父母行为量表）、归因风格（归因风格问卷）以及有意义的日常事件（为该研究设计的日常事件量表）的评估。还对一个健康对照组进行了评估。
许多患者对迫害应得性的感知随时间变化，以至于一些患者在某个时间点是PM型，但在另一个时间点是BM型。BM型偏执与高水平的抑郁相关。PM组和BM组患者在自我与他人量表的子量表以及心理社会指标量表上的得分均高于对照组。与BM组患者相比，PM组患者在归因风格问卷上表现出明显的自我服务偏差，并且在心理社会指标量表上报告的父母关爱较少。两组患者报告的父母行为量表中母亲的关爱都比对照组少。BM组患者报告的失败事件比PM组患者或对照组更多。PM组患者报告的失控事件比BM组患者和对照组更多。
PM型和BM型偏执可能代表一种不稳定现象的不同阶段。这些发现与偏执思维的归因解释一致。
