Depreitere Bart, Van Lierde Carl, Sloten Jos Vander, Van Audekercke Remy, Van der Perre Georges, Plets Christiaan, Goffin Jan
Division of Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, and Biomechanics and Engineering Design, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
J Neurosurg. 2006 Jun;104(6):950-6. doi: 10.3171/jns.2006.104.6.950.
Based on data from primate experiments it is known that rotational acceleration in the sagittal plane and in a forward direction is most likely to produce acute subdural hematomas due to bridging vein rupture. For protection against these lesions, knowledge of rotational acceleration tolerance levels in humans is required. In the present study the authors analyze human tolerance levels for bridging vein rupture by performing head impact tests in cadavers.
Ten unembalmed cadavers were subjected to 18 occipital impacts producing head rotation in the sagittal plane with varying rotational acceleration magnitudes and pulse durations. Rotational acceleration was calculated from the linear acceleration histories recorded by three uniaxial accelerometers mounted on the side of the head. Bridging vein ruptures were detected by injecting contrast dye into the superior sagittal sinus under fluoroscopy and by autopsy procedures. Bridging vein ruptures were produced in six head impact tests: one test with a pulse duration of 5.2 msec and a peak rotational acceleration of 13,411 rad/second2; three tests with a pulse duration between 7 and 8 msec and a peak rotational acceleration of 12,558, 10,607, and 8567 rad/second2; and two tests with a pulse duration longer than 10 msec and a peak rotational acceleration as low as 5267 rad/second2.
This is the only cadaveric study of bridging vein rupture focused on short pulse durations, which are usually associated with falls. The data suggest a tolerance level of approximately 10,000 rad/second2 for pulse durations shorter than 10 msec, which seems to decrease for longer pulse durations.
基于灵长类动物实验数据可知，矢状面且向前方向的旋转加速度最有可能因桥静脉破裂而导致急性硬膜下血肿。为预防这些损伤，需要了解人类对旋转加速度的耐受水平。在本研究中，作者通过对尸体进行头部撞击试验来分析人类桥静脉破裂的耐受水平。
对10具未防腐处理的尸体进行18次枕部撞击，使头部在矢状面内旋转，旋转加速度大小和脉冲持续时间各不相同。旋转加速度由安装在头部侧面的三个单轴加速度计记录的线性加速度历史数据计算得出。通过在荧光透视下向上矢状窦注入造影剂以及尸检程序来检测桥静脉破裂。在6次头部撞击试验中导致了桥静脉破裂：1次试验的脉冲持续时间为5.2毫秒，峰值旋转加速度为13411弧度/秒²；3次试验的脉冲持续时间在7至8毫秒之间，峰值旋转加速度分别为12558、10607和8567弧度/秒²；2次试验的脉冲持续时间超过10毫秒，峰值旋转加速度低至5267弧度/秒²。
这是唯一一项专注于短脉冲持续时间（通常与跌倒相关）的桥静脉破裂尸体研究。数据表明，对于短于10毫秒的脉冲持续时间，耐受水平约为10000弧度/秒²，而对于较长的脉冲持续时间，该耐受水平似乎会降低。
