Meng X, Slominski B A, Campbell L D, Guenter W, Jones O
Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Poult Sci. 2006 Jun;85(6):1025-30. doi: 10.1093/ps/85.6.1025.
The effect of carbohydrase enzyme supplementation on energy utilization from full-fat canola seed was investigated in a TMEn assay with adult roosters and in a nutrient digestibility and growth performance study with broiler chickens. In the TMEn assay, enzyme preparations C (cellulase, 340 U/g), XG (xylanase, 63,600 U/g and glucanase, 48,300 U/g), P (pectinase, 10,000 U/g), and MC (mannanase, 10,900 U/g and cellulase, 600 U/ g), alone and in combination (C + P, C + XG, C + MC, P + XG, P + MC, XG + MC, C + P + XG, C + P + MC, and C + P + XG + MC), were evaluated at an inclusion level of 0.1%. On average, hammer-milled canola seed with a TMEn content of 3,642 kcal/kg showed an increase (P < 0.05) to 4,783 kcal/kg following supplementation with the enzyme blends C + P + XG, C + P + MC, and C + P + XG + MC. A similar pattern of increase (P < 0.05) in fat (80.4 vs. 63.5%) and nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP; 20.4 vs. 4.4%) digestibilities was observed. Enzyme combination C + P + XG was further evaluated in a 2-wk (5- to 18-d) trial with broiler chickens fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic corn and soybean meal-based diets containing canola seed (15%), the corresponding canola meal (8.85%) plus canola oil (6.15%) mixture, or canola seed (15%) supplemented with 3 different levels (0.002, 0.01, or 0.05%) of the enzyme. Poorer (P < 0.05) feed:gain (1.412 vs. 1.344), lower (P < 0.05) total tract DM (65.9 vs. 70.7%) and fat (69.6 vs. 88.0%) digestibilities, lower AMEn content (2,963 vs. 3,200 kcal/kg), and lower ileal fat (65.6 vs. 85.6%) and protein (75.6 vs. 81.2%) digestibilities were observed for the canola seed diet compared with the canola meal plus canola oil diet. Enzyme supplementation of the canola seed diet resulted in an improvement (P < 0.05) in feed:gain; total tract DM, fat, and NSP digestibilities; AMEn content; and ileal fat digestibility. Although the enzyme effect on ileal and total tract fat digestibilities was significant at both high and medium inclusion levels, other parameters showed the significant improvement only when the highest inclusion rate of enzyme was used. These data support the need for carbohydrase enzyme supplements in poultry diets containing full-fat canola seed.
在一项针对成年公鸡的真代谢能（TMEn）测定试验以及一项针对肉鸡的养分消化率和生长性能研究中，研究了添加碳水化合物酶对全脂油菜籽能量利用的影响。在TMEn测定试验中，以0.1%的添加水平评估了酶制剂C（纤维素酶，340 U/g）、XG（木聚糖酶，63,600 U/g和葡聚糖酶，48,300 U/g）、P（果胶酶，10,000 U/g）和MC（甘露聚糖酶，10,900 U/g和纤维素酶，600 U/g），以及它们的组合（C + P、C + XG、C + MC、P + XG、P + MC、XG + MC、C + P + XG、C + P + MC和C + P + XG + MC）。平均而言，TMEn含量为3,642 kcal/kg的锤磨油菜籽在添加酶混合物C + P + XG、C + P + MC和C + P + XG + MC后，TMEn含量增加至4,783 kcal/kg（P < 0.05）。脂肪（80.4%对63.5%）和非淀粉多糖（NSP；20.4%对4.4%）的消化率也呈现出类似的增加趋势（P < 0.05）。在一项为期2周（第5至18天）的试验中，进一步评估了酶组合C + P + XG对肉鸡的影响。试验中，肉鸡饲喂含油菜籽（15%）、相应油菜粕（8.85%）加菜籽油（6.15%）混合物的等氮等能玉米和豆粕型日粮，或添加3种不同水平（0.002%、0.01%或0.05%）该酶的油菜籽（15%）日粮。与油菜粕加菜籽油日粮相比，油菜籽日粮的料重比更高（P < 0.05，1.412对1.344），全肠道干物质（DM）消化率（65.9%对70.7%）和脂肪消化率（69.6%对88.0%）更低（P < 0.05），表观代谢能（AMEn）含量更低（2,963 kcal/kg对3,200 kcal/kg），回肠脂肪（65.6%对85.6%）和蛋白质（75.6%对81.2%）消化率更低。在油菜籽日粮中添加酶可改善（P < 0.05）料重比、全肠道DM、脂肪和NSP消化率以及AMEn含量和回肠脂肪消化率。尽管在高添加水平和中等添加水平下，酶对回肠和全肠道脂肪消化率的影响均显著，但其他参数仅在使用最高酶添加率时才显示出显著改善。这些数据表明，在含有全脂油菜籽的家禽日粮中需要添加碳水化合物酶。
