Pezet Sophie, McMahon Stephen B
The London Pain Consortium, King's College London, The Wolfson Center for Age-Related Diseases, SE1 1UL London, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2006;29:507-38. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112929.
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors are well-known for their effects on neuronal survival and growth. Over the past decade, considerable evidence has accumulated from both humans and animals that one neurotrophin, nerve growth factor (NGF), is a peripheral pain mediator, particularly in inflammatory pain states. NGF is upregulated in a wide variety of inflammatory conditions, and NGF-neutralizing molecules are effective analgesic agents in many models of persistent pain. Such molecules are now being evaluated in clinical trials. NGF regulates the expression of a second neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in nociceptors. BDNF is released when nociceptors are activated, and it acts as a central modulator of pain. The chapter reviews the evidence for these roles (and briefly the effects of other neurotrophins), the range of conditions under which they act, and their mechanism of action.
神经营养因子的神经营养素家族以其对神经元存活和生长的作用而闻名。在过去十年中，来自人类和动物的大量证据表明，一种神经营养素——神经生长因子（NGF）是一种外周疼痛介质，特别是在炎症性疼痛状态下。NGF在多种炎症条件下上调，并且在许多持续性疼痛模型中，NGF中和分子是有效的镇痛剂。此类分子目前正在临床试验中进行评估。NGF调节伤害感受器中第二种神经营养素——脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的表达。当伤害感受器被激活时，BDNF会释放出来，并且它作为疼痛的中枢调节剂发挥作用。本章回顾了这些作用的证据（并简要介绍了其他神经营养素的作用）、它们发挥作用的条件范围以及它们的作用机制。
