Rizal Datu, Tani Shinichi, Nishiyama Kimitoshi, Suzuki Kazuhiko
System Analysis Laboratory, Department of Systems Engineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Japan.
J Hazard Mater. 2006 Oct 11;137(3):1309-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.04.052. Epub 2006 May 6.
In this paper, a novel methodology in batch plant safety and reliability analysis is proposed using a dynamic simulator. A batch process involving several safety objects (e.g. sensors, controller, valves, etc.) is activated during the operational stage. The performance of the safety objects is evaluated by the dynamic simulation and a fault propagation model is generated. By using the fault propagation model, an improved fault tree analysis (FTA) method using switching signal mode (SSM) is developed for estimating the probability of failures. The timely dependent failures can be considered as unavailability of safety objects that can cause the accidents in a plant. Finally, the rank of safety object is formulated as performance index (PI) and can be estimated using the importance measures. PI shows the prioritization of safety objects that should be investigated for safety improvement program in the plants. The output of this method can be used for optimal policy in safety object improvement and maintenance. The dynamic simulator was constructed using Visual Modeler (VM, the plant simulator, developed by Omega Simulation Corp., Japan). A case study is focused on the loss of containment (LOC) incident at polyvinyl chloride (PVC) batch process which is consumed the hazardous material, vinyl chloride monomer (VCM).
本文提出了一种利用动态模拟器进行间歇式工厂安全与可靠性分析的新方法。在运行阶段，一个涉及多个安全对象（如传感器、控制器、阀门等）的间歇过程被激活。通过动态仿真评估安全对象的性能，并生成故障传播模型。利用该故障传播模型，开发了一种基于开关信号模式（SSM）的改进故障树分析（FTA）方法，用于估计故障概率。及时相关故障可被视为安全对象的不可用性，这可能导致工厂发生事故。最后，将安全对象的等级制定为性能指标（PI），并可使用重要度措施进行估计。PI显示了安全对象的优先级，应针对工厂的安全改进计划对其进行调查。该方法的输出可用于安全对象改进和维护的优化策略。动态模拟器是使用Visual Modeler（VM，由日本Omega Simulation Corp.开发的工厂模拟器）构建的。一个案例研究聚焦于聚氯乙烯（PVC）间歇过程中的容器泄漏（LOC）事件，该过程使用危险材料氯乙烯单体（VCM）。
