Pfennig Karin S, Ryan Michael J
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, CB#3280 Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Jun 7;273(1592):1361-8. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3446.
When interactions with heterospecifics prevent females from identifying conspecific mates, natural selection can promote the evolution of mating behaviours that minimize such interactions. Consequently, mating behaviours may diverge among conspecific populations in sympatry and in allopatry with heterospecifics. This divergence in conspecific mating behaviours-reproductive character displacement-can initiate speciation if mating behaviours become so divergent as to generate reproductive isolation between sympatric and allopatric conspecifics. We tested these ideas by using artificial neural networks to simulate the evolution of conspecific mate recognition in populations sympatric and allopatric with different heterospecifics. We found that advertisement calls diverged among the different conspecific populations. Consequently, networks strongly preferred calls from their own population to those from foreign conspecific populations. Thus, reproductive character displacement may promote reproductive isolation and, ultimately, speciation among conspecific populations.
当与异种个体的互动阻碍雌性识别同种配偶时，自然选择会促进交配行为的进化，以尽量减少此类互动。因此，在同域分布以及与异种个体异域分布的同种种群中，交配行为可能会出现差异。如果交配行为差异大到在同域和异域的同种个体之间产生生殖隔离，那么这种同种交配行为的差异——生殖性状替代——就可能引发物种形成。我们通过使用人工神经网络来模拟与不同异种个体同域和异域分布的种群中同种配偶识别的进化，对这些观点进行了检验。我们发现，不同的同种种群之间的求偶叫声出现了差异。因此，神经网络强烈偏好来自自身种群的叫声，而不是来自其他同种种群的叫声。所以，生殖性状替代可能会促进生殖隔离，并最终导致同种种群之间的物种形成。
