Symes Ed, Ellis Rob, Tucker Mike
School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2007 Feb;124(2):238-55. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.03.005. Epub 2006 Jun 15.
Five experiments systematically investigated whether orientation is a visual object property that affords action. The primary aim was to establish the existence of a pure physical affordance (PPA) of object orientation, independent of any semantic object-action associations or visually salient areas towards which visual attention might be biased. Taken together, the data from these experiments suggest that firstly PPAs of object orientation do exist, and secondly, the behavioural effects that reveal them are larger and more robust when the object appears to be graspable, and is oriented in depth (rather than just frontally) such that its leading edge appears to point outwards in space towards a particular hand of the viewer.
五项实验系统地研究了方向是否是一种可供行动的视觉对象属性。主要目的是确定对象方向的纯粹物理可供性（PPA）的存在，独立于任何语义对象 - 动作关联或视觉注意力可能偏向的视觉显著区域。综合来看，这些实验的数据表明，首先对象方向的PPA确实存在，其次，当对象看起来可抓握且在深度上定向（而不仅仅是正面定向），使其前沿在空间中似乎朝着观看者的特定手向外指向时，揭示这些PPA的行为效应更大且更稳健。
