Collins Martin A, Rodhouse Paul G K
British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Cambridge, UK.
Adv Mar Biol. 2006;50:191-265. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2881(05)50003-8.
The Southern Ocean cephalopod fauna is distinctive, with high levels of endemism in the squid and particularly in the octopodids. Loliginid squid, sepiids and sepiolids are absent from the Southern Ocean, and all the squid are oceanic pelagic species. The octopodids dominate the neritic cephalopod fauna, with high levels of diversity, probably associated with niche separation. In common with temperate cephalopods, Southern Ocean species appear to be semelparous, but growth rates are probably lower and longevity greater than temperate counterparts. Compared with equivalent temperate species, eggs are generally large and fecundity low, with putative long development times. Reproduction may be seasonal in the squid but is extended in the octopodids. Cephalopods play an important role in the ecology of the Southern Ocean, linking the abundant mesopelagic fish and crustaceans with higher predators such as albatross, seals and whales. To date Southern Ocean cephalopods have not been commercially exploited, but there is potential for exploitation of muscular species of the Family Ommastrephidae.
南大洋头足类动物区系独特，鱿鱼尤其是八腕总目的特有程度很高。枪乌贼科鱿鱼、乌贼科和微鳍乌贼科在南大洋不存在，所有鱿鱼均为大洋性远洋物种。八腕总目在浅海头足类动物区系中占主导地位，具有高度的多样性，这可能与生态位分化有关。与温带头足类动物一样，南大洋物种似乎是一次性繁殖的，但生长速度可能比温带同类物种低，寿命更长。与同等温带物种相比，卵通常较大，繁殖力较低，推测发育时间较长。鱿鱼的繁殖可能具有季节性，但八腕总目的繁殖期较长。头足类动物在南大洋生态中起着重要作用，将丰富的中层鱼类和甲壳类动物与诸如信天翁、海豹和鲸鱼等高级捕食者联系起来。迄今为止，南大洋头足类动物尚未被商业开发，但柔鱼科的肌肉发达的物种具有开发潜力。
