Frison Emile A, Smith Ifeyironwa Francisca, Johns Timothy, Cherfas Jeremy, Eyzaguirre Pablo B
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
Food Nutr Bull. 2006 Jun;27(2):167-79. doi: 10.1177/156482650602700208.
In spite of the strides made globally in reducing hunger, the problems of micronutrient deficiencies and coexisting obesity and related cardiovascular and degenerative diseases constitute a formidable challenge for the future. Attempts to reverse this trend with single-nutrient intervention strategies have met with limited success, resulting in renewed calls for food-based approaches. The deployment of agricultural biodiversity is an approach that entails greater use of local biodiversity to ensure dietary diversity.
To outline a new strategy proposed by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) that employs agricultural biodiversity as the primary resource for food security and health.
The authors carried out a meta-analysis to review and assemble existing information on the nutritional and healthful properties of traditional foods based on a diverse set of case studies and food composition and nutritional analysis studies. The methods highlight particular examples of foods where analysis of nutrient and non-nutrient composition reveals important traits to address the growing problems of malnutrition associated with the rise of chronic diseases. Finally, the authors analyze social, economic, and cultural changes that undermine the healthful components of traditional diets.
Based on this multidisciplinary and comparative approach, the authors suggest a holistic food-based approach that combines research to assess and document nutritional and healthful properties of traditional foods, investigating options in which nutritionally valuable traditional foods can contribute to better livelihoods, and ways that awareness and promotional campaigns can identify healthful components of traditional diets that fit the needs of urban and market-oriented consumers.
There is an urgent need for agricultural research centers, national agricultural research systems, universities, and community-based organizations to work together under a shared policy framework with the aim of developing a strong evidence base linking biodiversity, nutrition, and health. Although these initiatives are still ongoing, the gains realized in small-scale and local pilot efforts have encouraged IPGRI to work with local partners toward the implementation of scale-up efforts in various regions.
尽管全球在减少饥饿方面取得了进展，但微量营养素缺乏问题以及并存的肥胖症和相关心血管及退行性疾病，对未来构成了巨大挑战。采用单一营养素干预策略来扭转这一趋势的尝试取得的成功有限，这导致人们再次呼吁采用基于食物的方法。利用农业生物多样性就是一种需要更多地利用当地生物多样性以确保饮食多样性的方法。
概述国际植物遗传资源研究所（IPGRI）提出的一项新策略，该策略将农业生物多样性作为粮食安全和健康的主要资源。
作者进行了一项荟萃分析，以基于一系列不同的案例研究以及食物成分和营养分析研究，回顾和汇总关于传统食物营养和健康特性的现有信息。这些方法突出了特定食物的例子，在这些食物中，对营养成分和非营养成分的分析揭示了重要特性，以解决与慢性病增加相关的日益严重的营养不良问题。最后，作者分析了破坏传统饮食健康成分的社会、经济和文化变化。
基于这种多学科和比较性方法，作者建议采用一种整体的基于食物的方法，该方法包括开展研究以评估和记录传统食物的营养和健康特性，研究具有营养价值的传统食物有助于改善生计的选项，以及通过提高认识和开展宣传活动来确定符合城市和面向市场的消费者需求的传统饮食健康成分的方式。
迫切需要农业研究中心、国家农业研究系统、大学和社区组织在共同的政策框架下合作，目标是建立一个将生物多样性、营养和健康联系起来的有力证据基础。尽管这些举措仍在进行中，但在小规模和地方试点工作中取得的成果鼓励了国际植物遗传资源研究所在各个地区与当地伙伴合作，以推动扩大规模的努力。
