Jackson Andrew, Moritz Chet T, Mavoori Jaideep, Lucas Timothy H, Fetz Eberhard E
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2006 Jun;14(2):187-90. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2006.875547.
The Neurochip BCI is an autonomously operating interface between an implanted computer chip and recording and stimulating electrodes in the nervous system. By converting neural activity recorded in one brain area into electrical stimuli delivered to another site, the Neurochip BCI could form the basis for a simple, direct neural prosthetic. In tests with normal, unrestrained monkeys, the Neurochip continuously recorded activity of single neurons in primary motor cortex for several weeks at a time. Cortical activity was correlated with simultaneously-recorded electromyogram (EMG) activity from arm muscles during free behavior. In separate experiments with anesthetized monkeys, we found that microstimulation of the cervical spinal cord evoked movements of the arm and hand, often involving multiple muscles synergies. These observations suggest that spinal microstimulation controlled by cortical neurons could help compensate for damaged corticospinal projections.
神经芯片脑机接口是植入式计算机芯片与神经系统中的记录和刺激电极之间的自主操作接口。通过将一个脑区记录的神经活动转换为传递到另一个部位的电刺激，神经芯片脑机接口可为简单、直接的神经假体奠定基础。在对正常、未受约束的猴子进行的测试中，神经芯片每次连续数周记录初级运动皮层中单个神经元的活动。在自由行为期间，皮层活动与同时记录的手臂肌肉肌电图（EMG）活动相关。在对麻醉猴子进行的单独实验中，我们发现对颈脊髓进行微刺激会诱发手臂和手部运动，通常涉及多个肌肉协同作用。这些观察结果表明，由皮层神经元控制的脊髓微刺激有助于补偿受损的皮质脊髓投射。
