Anna Mental Health and Development Center.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1981 Fall;14(3):273-85. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-273.
A company-based lottery was used to reduce the number of nonessential miles employees drove their personal cars each day and thereby save gasoline. Employees were divided into an experimental and a contrast group. The experimental design involved two conditions: (a) a baseline in which no consequences were attached to driving behavior, and (b) a month-long lottery in which the experimentals were rewarded for decreasing their percentage of average miles driven per day relative to their initial baseline average. The experimentals received an ABA order of conditions while the contrast group remained in baseline. The lottery condition consisted of four weekly lotteries and one grand drawing held at the end of the month. During the lottery condition, the experimentals reduced their average daily mileage by 11.6% relative to their initial baseline (7.85 miles per employee per day) while the contrast employees increased their average mileage by 21.2%. Both groups exceeded their initial baseline averages in the return to baseline. The study was almost cost-effective because the experimentals' gas savings ($75) was within $4 of the cost of motivating them to reduce their mileage ($79).
采用公司抽奖的方式来减少员工每天驾驶私家车的非必要里程，从而节省汽油。员工被分为实验组和对照组。实验设计涉及两种条件：(a) 无后果的基准条件，即不考虑驾驶行为；(b) 为期一个月的抽奖，实验组成员因每天的平均行驶里程相对于初始基准平均水平减少而获得奖励。实验组按照 ABA 顺序进行条件变化，而对照组则保持在基准条件下。抽奖条件包括四个每周抽奖和一个月底的大奖。在抽奖条件下，实验组相对于初始基准（每位员工每天 7.85 英里）减少了 11.6%的平均每日里程，而对照组员工的平均里程增加了 21.2%。两组在回归基线时都超过了初始基线平均值。该研究几乎具有成本效益，因为实验组的节油（75 美元）与激励他们减少里程的成本（79 美元）相差不到 4 美元。
