Chatterjee Nilesh, Hosain G M Monawar
Kalyani Media Group, Mumbai, India.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2006 Mar;24(1):81-8.
Heterosexual transmission accounts for the majority of cases in India, an epicentre of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, with increasing rates of infection in married women contracting HIV from an infected spouse. Cultural roles and position of married women in Indian society render targeted risk-reduction programmes difficult. To investigate HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, perceptions, and behaviour change among married women in India, an interview-based survey was conducted with 350 married women in Mumbai, of whom 67% (236) were aware of HIV/AIDS. Although 59.3% (140) of those aware mentioned indiscriminate sexual activity as increasing risk of HIV, only two (41%) in five women perceived HIV as a threat to the community; one (12%) in eight perceived personal risk of getting infected as high; and only 7.2% (17) reported behaviour change to avoid infection. When probed for reasons for not changing behaviour, most women cited their personal behaviour of monogamy, not being in an at-risk group, such as commercial sex workers, and trust in their husbands. Education programmes among married women that enable better understanding of risks are urgently required. Since marriage and motherhood are important in the Indian cultural context, male spouses should be included in risk-reduction programmes.
在印度这个艾滋病毒/艾滋病大流行的中心，异性传播占大多数病例，感染艾滋病毒的已婚妇女从受感染配偶那里感染的比率不断上升。印度社会中已婚妇女的文化角色和地位使得有针对性的风险降低计划难以实施。为了调查印度已婚妇女中与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的知识、认知和行为变化，对孟买的350名已婚妇女进行了一项基于访谈的调查，其中67%（236人）知晓艾滋病毒/艾滋病。尽管在知晓者中，59.3%（140人）提到滥交性行为会增加感染艾滋病毒的风险，但每五名妇女中只有两人（41%）认为艾滋病毒对社区构成威胁；每八人中只有一人（12%）认为自己感染的个人风险很高；只有7.2%（17人）报告有行为改变以避免感染。当被问及不改变行为的原因时，大多数妇女提到她们的一夫一妻制个人行为、不属于商业性工作者等高危群体以及对丈夫的信任。迫切需要为已婚妇女开展教育项目，以便她们更好地了解风险。由于在印度文化背景下婚姻和母亲身份很重要，男性配偶应被纳入风险降低计划。
