Gyawali K, Paneru Dp, Jnawali K, Paudel Dp, Joshi Kr, Paudel M
Department of Health Research, School of PMER, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Department of Public Health, School of Health and allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal.
Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014 Sep;4(5):786-90. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.141569.
Despite the implementation of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interventions, it has continued to spread from high risk to the low risk population population with the devastating social, economic and health consequences.
The aim of the following study is to identify HIV related knowledge, risk perceptions and practices among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in Mid-Western Development Region, Nepal.
A community based, cross-sectional study was conducted during May-December 2010 among 618 MWRA in Mid-western Development Region, Nepal. Multistage random sampling was followed wherein four districts, representing each ecological zone were selected in the first stage. Nine Village Developments Committees with the total 81 clusters were selected in the second and third stages. Finally, 7/8 participants/cluster were selected randomly. Household interviews were conducted using pretested structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). Percentages, mean, Chi-square value and odds ratio were calculated.
Nearly three quarters (434/618) of all participants had heard about the HIV. Radio was the most common source of the information 73.3% (318/434) amongst all sources. Unsafe sex 55.3% (240/434), infected blood transfusion 33.2% (144/434), needle sharing 24.7% (107/434) and mother to child transmission 4.1% (18/434) were reported modes of HIV transmission. Condom use during extramarital sex 51.8% (225/434), use of sterilized syringes 24.2% (105/434), restricting sex within couple 22.6% (98/434) and blood safety 20.3% (88/434) were reported HIV preventive measures. Extramarital sex, needle sharing and sharing of the razors/blades were perceived to be the risk behaviors. About 4.9% (30/618) had extramarital sexual experience amongst all participants. Only a quarter (8/30) of those who had extramarital sex used condom regularly.
Almost half of the MWRA had limited awareness on HIV transmission and preventive measures. There was poor HIV preventive practices; indicating knowledge-behavior gaps. Awareness raising and behavior change interventions are recommended.
尽管实施了抗人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）干预措施，但HIV仍继续从高危人群传播至低危人群，带来了毁灭性的社会、经济和健康后果。
以下研究的目的是确定尼泊尔中西部发展地区育龄已婚妇女（MWRA）中与HIV相关的知识、风险认知及行为。
2010年5月至12月期间，在尼泊尔中西部发展地区对618名MWRA开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段随机抽样，第一阶段选取代表每个生态区的4个县。第二和第三阶段选取9个乡村发展委员会，共81个群组。最后，每个群组随机选取7/8名参与者。使用经过预测试的结构化问卷进行家庭访谈。数据采用SPSS 16.0（美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥SPSS公司）进行分析。计算百分比、均值、卡方值和比值比。
所有参与者中近四分之三（434/618）听说过HIV。在所有信息来源中，广播是最常见的信息来源，占73.3%（318/434）。报告的HIV传播途径包括不安全的性行为55.3%（240/434）、感染的输血33.2%（144/434）、共用针头24.7%（107/434）以及母婴传播4.1%（18/434）。报告的HIV预防措施包括婚外性行为时使用避孕套51.8%（225/434）、使用消毒注射器24.2%（105/434）、在夫妻间限制性行为22.6%（98/434）以及血液安全20.3%（88/434）。婚外性行为、共用针头和共用剃须刀/刀片被视为风险行为。所有参与者中约4.9%（30/618）有婚外性经历。有婚外性行为的人中只有四分之一（8/30）经常使用避孕套。
几乎一半的MWRA对HIV传播和预防措施的认识有限。HIV预防行为较差；表明存在知识 - 行为差距。建议开展提高认识和行为改变干预措施。
