Berg Carla J, Cox Lisa Sanderson, Nazir Niaman, Mussulman Laura M, Ahluwalia Jasjit S, Ellerbeck Edward F
Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66160, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2006 Jun;8(3):353-60. doi: 10.1080/14622200600670132.
The prevalence of smoking is greater and smoking restrictions are less common in rural areas in comparison to urban areas. Consequently, rural smokers and their families are at increased risk for adverse health consequences from smoking. The presence of home smoking restrictions (i.e., limiting or banning cigarette smoking in the home) can be a mediator for smoking cessation and can reduce health risks for those who live with smokers. The purpose of the present study was to identify correlates of home smoking restrictions among rural smokers. We surveyed 472 smokers from 40 rural Kansas primary care practices who were enrolled in a smoking cessation intervention study. We assessed the prevalence of home smoking restrictions and examined the relationship between such restrictions, demographic variables, comorbid diagnoses, and psychosocial measures of smoking abstinence self-efficacy and motivation to quit. Complete home smoking restrictions were found among 25.4% of rural smokers with an additional 28.3% reporting some restrictions. Restrictions were associated with younger age, higher controlled motivation to quit (i.e., motivation from external pressure), the presence of children under age 6 years living in the home, fewer friends who smoke, and a partner who does not smoke. Smokers with a comorbid diagnosis of high cholesterol, chronic lung disease, or heart disease were less likely to have restrictions. Most smokers in rural primary care practices do not have home smoking restrictions, particularly those without children or a nonsmoking partner and those with significant risk factors for smoking-related illnesses. These patients may be critical targets for broaching issues of home smoking restrictions.
与城市地区相比，农村地区吸烟率更高，吸烟限制措施则不太常见。因此，农村吸烟者及其家人因吸烟而产生不良健康后果的风险增加。家庭吸烟限制（即限制或禁止在家中吸烟）的存在可以成为戒烟的一个促成因素，并能降低与吸烟者共同生活者的健康风险。本研究的目的是确定农村吸烟者中家庭吸烟限制的相关因素。我们对堪萨斯州农村40家初级保健机构的472名吸烟者进行了调查，这些吸烟者均参与了一项戒烟干预研究。我们评估了家庭吸烟限制的流行情况，并研究了此类限制、人口统计学变量、共病诊断以及戒烟自我效能和戒烟动机的心理社会指标之间的关系。在25.4%的农村吸烟者中发现存在完全的家庭吸烟限制，另有28.3%的吸烟者报告有一些限制。限制与年龄较小、更高的受控制戒烟动机（即来自外部压力的动机）、家中有6岁以下儿童、吸烟的朋友较少以及有不吸烟的伴侣有关。患有高胆固醇、慢性肺病或心脏病共病诊断的吸烟者受到限制的可能性较小。农村初级保健机构中的大多数吸烟者没有家庭吸烟限制，尤其是那些没有孩子或非吸烟伴侣的吸烟者，以及那些有吸烟相关疾病重大风险因素的吸烟者。这些患者可能是提出家庭吸烟限制问题的关键目标人群。
