Sukul Premasis, Spiteller Michael
Institute of Environmental Research, University of Dortmund, Otto Hahn Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2006;187:67-101.
SAs, a structurally related group of antibiotics containing a similar 4-aminobenzene sulfonamide backbone, are used in agriculture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, and also as human medicines. Competing with p-aminobenzoic acid in the enzymatic synthesis of dihydrofolic acid, SAs inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Once released to the environment, SAs distribute themselves among different environmental compartments, along with their degradation products, and are transported to surface water and groundwater. The physicochemical properties, the dosage applied and the nature of the environmental components with which they interact, govern the whole process. SAs, as a class, are less sorptive, impersistent, and leachable. They cannot be characterized as readily biodegradable. Their adsorption to soil increases with the aromaticity and electronegativity of functional groups attached to the sulfonyl phenyl amine core. Preferential flow in clay soils has been identified as a mechanism responsible for surface water contamination by SAs.
磺胺类药物（SAs）是一类结构相关的抗生素，含有相似的4-氨基苯磺酰胺主链，用于农业、水产养殖、畜牧业，也用作人类药物。磺胺类药物在二氢叶酸的酶促合成中与对氨基苯甲酸竞争，抑制细菌的生长和繁殖。一旦释放到环境中，磺胺类药物及其降解产物会在不同的环境介质中分布，并被输送到地表水和地下水中。其物理化学性质、使用剂量以及与之相互作用的环境成分的性质，决定了整个过程。作为一类物质，磺胺类药物吸附性较低、持久性差且易淋溶。它们不能被视为易于生物降解。它们对土壤的吸附随着连接在磺酰苯胺核心上的官能团的芳香性和电负性而增加。在黏质土壤中的优先流已被确定为磺胺类药物污染地表水的一种机制。
