Wurl Oliver, Karuppiah Subramanian, Obbard Jeffrey Philip
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Republic of Singapore.
Sci Total Environ. 2006 Oct 1;369(1-3):333-43. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.05.007. Epub 2006 Jun 23.
Simultaneous measurements of organochlorine compounds (OCs) in seawater, the sea-surface microlayer and the atmosphere were conducted in June-July 2004 in the coastal marine environment of Singapore. Together, these measurements represent the first data on the flux of OCs between the ocean and atmosphere reported in the scientific literature that take into account the implication of the sea surface microlayer (SML) as a controlling boundary layer for the exchange of OCs. The average fluxes of SigmaPCBs and SigmaHCHs were 127.5 and -32.8 ng m(-2) day(-1) respectively using a modified two-layer model (negative flux indicates adsorption by the ocean). The average fluxes using a conventional approach, ignoring the SML as boundary layer (classical two-layer model), were 67.2 and -43.1 ng m(-2) day(-1) for SigmaPCBs and SigmaHCHs, respectively. However, the maximum difference in the flux calculation between the two approaches was up to 15-fold for individual compounds at high enrichment in the SML. It is shown that the SML plays an important role in the control of air-sea gas exchange of OCs, particular under a low prevailing wind regime and with an enrichment of OCs in the SML. The physical and chemical properties of OCs are critical factors in the control of the air-sea gas exchange process, and the effect of the SML on this process is more significant for more hydrophobic OCs.
2004年6月至7月，在新加坡沿海海洋环境中对海水、海面微层和大气中的有机氯化合物（OCs）进行了同步测量。这些测量共同提供了科学文献中首次报道的关于海洋与大气之间OCs通量的数据，该数据考虑了海面微层（SML）作为OCs交换控制边界层的影响。使用改进的两层模型，Σ多氯联苯（SigmaPCBs）和Σ六氯环己烷（SigmaHCHs）的平均通量分别为127.5和 -32.8 ng m(-2) 天(-1)（负通量表示被海洋吸附）。使用传统方法，忽略SML作为边界层（经典两层模型），Σ多氯联苯和Σ六氯环己烷的平均通量分别为67.2和 -43.1 ng m(-2) 天(-1)。然而，对于SML中高富集的单个化合物，两种方法在通量计算中的最大差异高达15倍。结果表明，SML在控制OCs的海气气体交换中起着重要作用，特别是在盛行风较低且SML中OCs富集的情况下。OCs的物理和化学性质是控制海气气体交换过程的关键因素，对于疏水性更强的OCs，SML对该过程的影响更为显著。
