两种改变信息传递方式的程序对观察反应的影响。
Effects of two procedures for varying information transmission on observing responses.
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1973 Jul;20(1):73-83. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1973.20-73.
Two experiments were conducted with pigeons to examine the effects of procedures that varied information transmission on observing responses. The basic procedure for Experiment I was one in which a trial terminated in either non-contingent reinforcement or timeout. Pecking during a trial produced either green (positive) or red (negative) keylights. If no pecking occurred no differential stimuli appeared. The probability of positive trials was either 0.25, 0.50, or 0.75. Observing response rates and relative frequencies of occurrence were highest when the probability of positive trials was 0.25 and lowest at 0.75. In Experiment II, a modified chain procedure was used in which responding produced either red or green lights. Reinforcement or timeout followed light onset by 15 sec. The correlation between the stimuli and the event at the end of the trial (reinforcement or timeout) was varied. Reinforcement followed green 100%, 90%, 70%, or 50% of the time that green occurred. Since the overall probability of reinforcement remained at 0.50, reinforcement followed red in either 0%, 10%, 30%, or 50% of the time that it occurred. The rate of responses that produced these stimuli varied as a function of the correlation. The greater the probability of reinforcement after green, the higher the response rate.
两项鸽子实验检验了改变信息传递程序对观察反应的影响。实验一的基本程序是，试验要么以非关联强化或时间超时结束。啄食在试验中产生绿色（正）或红色（负）键光。如果没有啄食，则不会出现不同的刺激。正试验的概率分别为 0.25、0.50 或 0.75。当正试验的概率为 0.25 时，观察反应率和相对频率最高，而当概率为 0.75 时最低。在实验二，使用了一种修改的链程序，其中反应产生红色或绿色灯光。强化或时间超时在灯光开始后 15 秒出现。刺激与试验结束时（强化或时间超时）事件之间的相关性是可变的。绿色出现时，强化紧随其后的概率为 100%、90%、70%或 50%。由于强化的总概率保持在 0.50，因此绿色出现时，强化紧随其后的概率为 0%、10%、30%或 50%。产生这些刺激的反应率随相关性而变化。绿色之后强化的概率越高，反应率越高。
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